Throughout this course, you will be provided case studies that focus on cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal disorders. You will pick one of the provided case studies to analyze and create a comprehensive care plan for acute/chronic care, disease prevention and health promotion for that patient and disorder. Your care plan should be based on current best practices and supported with citations from current literature, such as systematic reviews, published practice guidelines, standards of care from specialty organizations and other research based resources. In addition, you will provide a detailed scientific rationale that justifies the inclusion of this evidence in your plan. Your paper should adhere to APA format for title page, headings, citations, and references.
Criteria:
• Case Study Evaluation
o Analyze the disorder addressing the following elements: pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, progression trajectory, diagnostic testing, and treatment options.
o Differentiate the disorder from normal development.
o Discuss the physical and psychological demands the disorder places on the patient and family.
o Explain the key concepts that must be shared with the patient and family to achieve optimal disorder management and outcomes.
o Identify key interdisciplinary team personnel needed and how this team will provide care to achieve optimal disorder management and outcomes.
o Interpret facilitators and barriers to optimal disorder management and outcomes.
o Describe strategies to overcome the identified barriers.
• Care Plan Synthesis
o Designed a comprehensive and holistic recognition and planning for the disorder.
o Addresses how the patient’s socio-cultural background can potentially impact optimal management and outcomes.
o Demonstrated an evidence-based approach to address key issues identified in the case study.
o Formulates a comprehensive but tailored approach to disorder management.
References no more than 5 years
CASE STUDY
Patient presented this week was diagnosed with Emphysema (COPD). There are many important aspects of patient education that were covered. below is a list of the major points learned. Nevertheless an explanation of the diagnosis and diagnostic tests will be presented as well as this learner’s understanding of patient education for Emphysema (COPD) care that is based on research.
Patient Education for Clinic Case
• Risk factors for Emphysema (COPD) Cigarette smoking ,Airway hyperreactivity , Childhood respiratory infections ,Occupational exposures ,Air pollution ,Passive exposure to smoke , Poor nutrition and Low socioeconomic status
• Patient need to know that (COPD) is a term used to describe two related lung diseases: chronic bronchitis and emphysema (S Parmet 2006)
• COPD is predominantly a smoker’s disease that clusters in families and worsens with age. Approximately 80% to 90% of COPD deaths are caused by smoking (American Lung Association)
• Patient need to be aware that When they stop smoking you slow down the damage to your lungs.
• Patient need to avoid airway irritants like air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust because can make COPD worse
• Also, getting regular flu vaccines may lower your chances of having COPD flare-ups (Poole 2005)
• Pertussis (also called whooping cough) can increase the risk of having a COPD flare-up (Pesek &Lockey 2011) So making sure you are current on your pertussis.
Presenting Diagnosis and Rationale
• COPD is a progressive, inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow to the airways within the lungs. It is often caused from smoking and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
• Morbidity and mortality rates from COPD are higher in whites than in African Americans or any other racial group in the United States (Brown, Croft, Greenlund 2008)
Diagnostic Tests
o CBC – 15,000 WBC with + left shift
o Pulse oximeter – 98%
o Chest x-ray – hyperinflation of both lungs with increased AP diameter. Evidence of emphysema is present.
o EKG – normal sinus rhythm
Presenting clinical symptoms included
o Shortness of breath
o sore throat in the morning
o fever as high as 101 degrees
o orthopnea at night when she is coughing
o cough for two weeks rarely productive
Patient Education Base On Research
o Educate patient in lifestyle modifications
o Provide patient information on harmful effects of cigarette smoking
o Refer patient to lung specialist as indicated if emphysema symptoms persist or worsen
o Explain in simple terms what is COPD
o Assist patient in quitting smoking and avoiding triggers, such as air pollution
o Patients should be aware that eat frequent, small meals instead of a large meal large meals cause abdominal distention, which impairs diaphragmatic function.
o Patients at all stages of COPD appear to benefit from exercise programs, which have improved both patients’ exercise tolerance and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011)
o Most pulmonary rehabilitation exercise programs consist of 10- to 45-minute sessions, daily to weekly, for 4 to 10 weeks, depending on resources(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011)
o Counseling is recommended for those patients exhibiting signs and symptoms of major depression.
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