Your response should typically include the following elements:
• An introduction that provides a clear statement of the issues that are to be addressed and the structure of the essay itself.
• A critical analysis of the issues and the development of your position/argument(s), drawing on the relevant scholarly literature and policy documents. A fully referenced, justified case for your position/argument(s) should be presented.
• A conclusion
• A list of references
Your essay should focus on “Contribution of on-board and shore-based (legal or technical) systems to the safety of navigation, efficient and environmentally-friendly traffic flow” in North American Region.
The principal topic will be:
1. VTS(Vessel Traffic Service), FOC (Fleet Operation Center) and Pilotage are main shore-based parties contributing to safe and efficient traffic flow. Discuss and compare the different approaches and roles of these institutions
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