Justice and policy studies

Answer the questions below in essay format. Each response should be at least two paragraphs. Be sure to support your answers.

1. In Stoecker’s “Primer on Community Organizing,” differences between community organizing, advocacy, and service delivery are discussed. Because community organizing is often confused with advocacy and sometimes confused with service delivery as well, it is important to clarify distinctions. (a) Identify and explain the differences between community organizing, advocacy and service delivery. (b) Describe and explain two models of community organizing. (25 points)

2. In “The Common Elements of Oppression,'” Pharr suggests that a “defined norm” is a common element among all forms of oppression. (a) Explain what Pharr means by a “defined norm.” (b) Describe and explain three of the ways in which the defined norrm maintains its power and control. (25pts)

3. In “Capitalism, Class and the Matrix of Domination,” Johnson discusses how the dynamics of capitalism produce not only enormous amounts of wealth “but high and increasing levels of inequality, both within societies and globally.” Describe and explain the reasons the author suggests that: “given the way capitalism works, it connects to white racism in ways that are both direct and indirect.” (25pts)

4. In “The Central Frames of Color Blind Racism,” Bonilla-Silva argues that “a new powerful ideology has emerged to defend the contemporary racial order: the ideology of color-blind racism” (p.25). The author describes four central frames or “set paths for interpreting information” (p. 26), that are central components of the ideology of color blind racism. Explain the Abstract Liberalism frame and the Minimization of Racism frame, and give one example of each of these frames.

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