Category: Essays

1. Describe three (3) organizational approaches toward managing stress, providing one (1) original example of each.
2. Describe three (3) individual approaches toward managing stress, providing one (1) original example of each.
Part B
Step 1 Create an organization chart for a company.

Create an organization chart for the company that you currently work for, or for a company that you have worked for in the past. Alternatively, create an organization chart for a company that a friend or family member currently works for or a company they have worked for in the past.

Step 2 Answer the following questions.
Using the chart you created answer the following questions.
1. What type of organizational structure is used for this organization?
2. Describe two (2) ways that the organization’s design affects relationships with external companies.
3. Describe two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages that the organization might experience based on its structure.
4. Describe one (1) way that the roles of managers and supervisors are impacted by the organization’s design.
5. Describe two (2) changes you would make if you were to redesign the organization to make the organization more efficient.

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Question-Evaluate the significance and merit of Social Inclusion as a policy strategy within Australia’s contemporary policy regime taking account of its rationale, potential and limitations.

Assessment
Your assignment will be assessed on:
-logic of your argument
-clarity of conceptualisation
-extent of source material
-thoughtful and appropriate use of evidence
-demographic, interpretive and critical
-clarity of written expression
-overall quality of presentation

Required Reading/References list

Note: Use the APA references style, please use 15-20 references

Fawcett, Barbara et al (2010) Social Policy for Social Change Palgrave Macmillan Chapter 9 (Changing social policy: reorientation through social inclusion)

Long, Emily (2010) ‘The Australian Social Inclusion Agenda: A New Approach to Social Policy?’ Australia Journal of Social Issues, Vol 45 No 2, pp161-182

Silver, Hilary (2010) Understanding Social Inclusion and Its Meaning for Australia, Australia Journal of Social Issues, Vol 45 No 2, pp 183-211

388607_72752_SI How Australia Is Faring.pdf

Social_Inclusion_how-australia-is-faring-report.pdf

CPA (2006) Poverty and Social Inclusion: linking local and national structures, Combat Poverty Agency, Dublin.
CPA (2007) Policy Submission, Local Government and Social Inclusion: Submission to the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Combat Poverty Agency Dublin.
CWC (2000) Combating social exclusion: identifying the roles and potential for local government – challenges and new opportunities. Galway: Community Workers Co-operative.
Barry, M. (1998) Social Exclusion and Social Work: An Introduction, In Social Exclusion and Social Work: Issues of Theory, Policy and Practice, Russell House

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After identifying the successful traits of an editorial on the subject you’ve chosen (through the process of rhetorical analysis), you should be well prepared to write a position paper to reflect your own views. Produce an essay that speaks directly to the readers of a specific publication that you evaluated in your audience and market analysis presentation. Draw attention to other voices in the conversation, such as the editorials you discussed in the rhetorical analysis summaries, show a complete understanding of the issue, and successfully connect the issue with your audience’s concerns.

Audience: You will select a targeted audience for your editorial through the selection of a periodical in which it could appear. The editorial’s formatting and style should fit well within the expectations of the chosen publication’s guidelines, as determined in writing exercises completed prior to the submission of this assignment.

Length: 3-4 pages

Format/Style: All portfolio documents must be submitted in proper MLA or APA format. You are allowed to choose which format works best for you; however, you are encouraged to use APA, since this is the commonly accepted style guide in graduate business programs.

Notes:

Make sure that your editorial has one primary goal and that you avoid obvious logical fallacies.
Consider the official positions of the publication, as well as the publication’s common voice/tone. While some publications include opposition views, such as USA Today, most editorials reflect the views of the newspaper, magazine, or organization.
Conduct a rhetorical analysis on your own original draft, much like you did with the published editorials. Try to bring the same level of scrutiny to your draft review, noting fallacies in your arguments, misleading statements, as well as strong rhetorical strategies that you might want to expand upon. This will also be done in group activities.
Consider your audience and what they are expecting when they pick up your editorial. Did you make a promise in the title or introduction that was not entirely fulfilled by the end? What questions might remain? Do you have the answers, can you point your reader to the answers, or are you able to suggest that further exploration is still necessary?
Is the issue controversial? If so, make sure that you are respectful of the opposing viewpoints. Is there a place to include or mention the opposing arguments?
Remember that this assignment falls second in a three-part series. Your rhetorical analysis assignment should link topically with your editorial, and it is suggested that you continue to use this broad topic for your proposal. You may, for instance, explore questions of what and why in your editorial, and then explore why and how for your research proposal.

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The attacks in the United States on September 11th 2001 introduced new words into our daily lexicon. Terms and acronyms like ‘JI’, ‘9/11’, ‘Muslim fundamentalist’ and ‘the War on Terror’ have now become part of how many of us view and think about ourselves, our neighbours, and the world around us. But terror did not begin on that Tuesday morning in New York or in the American capital. Nor did it begin over Lockerbie, at the Munich Olympics, or even when the Israeli state was proclaimed. However, these events have each heralded a new way in which terror, terrorism and terrorists have been understood. Consequently, insight into the ideology of terror and what its practitioners have sought to achieve, never simple and seldom clear, involves a healthy exercise of asking “Who, When, Where and Why?” There are a number of ways you might choose to pursue this topic.

Approach to the topic – Religion and Terror

Through the media, images of individuals such as Osama Bin Laden, the Bali bombers and Abu Bakar Bashir have become visual representations of the “War on Terror”. As they constantly remind the world, they are proudly (and almost defiantly it may seem) Muslim. In Australia today, the face of terror is inextricably bound with the notion of religion, or specifically, Islam. But to what extent is Islam being utilised to further the aims and agendas of specific individuals or groups? Is it really a religion of intolerance and violence? Are there other interpretations of Islam and the Qu’ran? When a Muslim personality talks of jihad and violence against ‘the infidels’, is he/she really representing the Muslim world in its entirety? More moderate Muslim leaders have criticized their extremist counterparts, advocating peace, tolerance and dialogue. How often are their comments read or heard in the news? Does the media play a part in dictating how we view and understand Islam and terrorism?

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In your future role as a health care professional you will be faced with complex and challenging situations. There will at times be a legal solution that can be applied to the situation and it is important that you are aware of what this might be so that you can confidently practice within these legal boundaries. Almost always there will be differing ethical positions that need to be considered. The purpose of this case study is to provide you with the skills to identify a legal issue, including the possible outcomes and consider why an ethical conflict arises.
The case study will assess all of the learning outcomes in 2972NRS. You have been provided with a contemporary health law case study. It is based on a real life situation and reflects some of the diverse and challenging issues that can arise within the provision of any health care service. You are required to identify and discuss the legal and ethical issues presented in this scenario.
You are expected to submit your case study with appropriate grammar, spelling, sentences, paragraphs and references. It should be structured using the following headings:
•Introduction
•Legal Issues
•Ethical Issues
•Conclusion
•References
Referencing: APA 6th Ed
Word Limit: 1500 words (excluding references)
Assignment Weight: 30%

Introduction
A short introductory paragraph that outlines what you will be presenting in your case report.
• You do not need to include a detailed account of the facts in the scenario; this will use up word unnecessarily and the markers are aware of the facts.

Legal Issues
Identify and discuss the legal issues raised by the facts in the case study. This requires you to:
• Consider the facts and identify the main legal issue
• Identify who could bring an action, and what type of action that would be
• Identify the elements that would need to be proved for the action to be successful
• Describe the standard of proof that would be required for the action to be successful, and who bears the burden of proof
• Describe any possible defences that could be raised, and who would raise them.
• Outline the possible outcomes could eventuate

Ethical Issues
Referring to the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights:
• Identify the principles that are relevant
• Describe how the principles apply to the facts in the scenario
• Describe where a conflict may arise. This may be a conflict between two different principles, or a conflict between different parties involved in the scenario.
• Describe what steps might be required to address any conflict.

Conclusion
A short concluding paragraph that brings it all together.

CASE STUDY SCENARIO

Bruce is a 69 year old retired gentleman. He lives at home with his wife Betty, and together they have three adult children. Bruce is a Vietnam veteran, and as a consequence of his active duty during the war he has developed severe post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. He suffers with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, but has repeatedly declined any treatment for any of these conditions. Bruce also has a lump on the right underside of his chin that is about the size of a golf ball. Bruce’s wife reports that this lump had been present for many months but despite the fact that it has turned into an open wound with an offensive exudate, Bruce had refuses to seek treatment for it.
In recent weeks Bruce has developed symptoms suggestive of an infective illness. He has complained of generalised malaise, muscle aches and pains and an elevated temperature with occasional rigors. Despite the best efforts of Betty and the children, Bruce has refused to seek medical attention for these symptoms even as his condition deteriorated.
Eventually Bruce became so weak and dehydrated that he was no longer able to refuse Betty’s efforts to have him see a doctor; with the assistance of their children Betty manoeuvred him into the car and took him to hospital. On admission to the hospital Bruce was noted to be hypotensive, tachycardic and febrile. His level of consciousness fluctuated, and was often only minimally responsive. Concerned that he may not be able to adequately protect his airway, Bruce was transferred to the high dependency unit where he could be closely monitored. Bruce was diagnosed with septicaemia resulting from the open wound under his chin.
After a series of investigations it was determined that the infected lump under Bruce’s chin was a malignant tumour. The team caring for Bruce formed the opinion that surgery to remove the tumour was the most appropriate course of action. The surgeon who was to perform the operation sought Bruce’s consent for the operation. Bruce’s fluctuating level of consciousness made this quite difficult, although in a moment of lucidity he clearly stated… “I don’t want any operations – I’d rather die”. Shortly after this, with Betty’s consent, the surgery went ahead, and the entire tumour was successfully removed. Bruce’s post-operative recovery was relatively uneventful and his sepsis resolved. However he was left with a very large and disfiguring scar and some ongoing difficulties with swallowing. When he was eventually discharged home, Bruce became increasingly angry that he had been operated on without his consent. Bruce now wishes to sue the surgeon who performed the operation.

Criteria Excellent
Very good
Sound
Poor
Very poor

Identifies and Discusses Relevant Legal Issues
40 marks 40-33 32-25 24-16 15-8 7-0
• Correctly identifies the main legal issue in the scenario.
• Correctly identifies who could bring an action and what type of action that would be.
• Correctly identifies all of the elements that need to be proved for the action to be successful.
• Correctly describes the standard of proof that would apply and who has the burden of proof.
• Correctly describes all possible defences that could be raised and who would raise them.
• Demonstrates an excellent understanding of possible outcomes that could eventuate.

• Identifies a relevant legal issue in the scenario
• Identifies who could bring an action and what type of action that would be.
• Identifies the elements that need to be proved for the action to be successful.
• Describes the standard of proof and who has the burden of proof.
• Describes any possible defences that could be raised and who would raise them.
• Demonstrates a good understanding of possible outcomes that could eventuate. • Attempts to identify a relevant legal issue in the scenario
• Attempts to identify who could bring an action and/or what type of action that would be
• Attempts to identify the elements that need to be proved.
• Attempts to describe the standard of proof
• Attempts to describe any possible defences that could be raised and who would raise them
• Demonstrates a sound understanding of the possible outcomes that could eventuate. • The report identifies an incorrect or irrelevant legal issue
• Incorrectly identifies who could bring an action and/or what type of action that would be.
• Incorrectly identifies the elements needed to be proved.
• Incorrectly describes the standard of proof
• Incorrectly describes any possible defences that could be raised and/or who would raise them.
• Demonstrates limited understanding of the possible outcomes that could eventuate. • The report does not identify a legal issue.
• Does not identify who could bring an action and/or what type of action that would be.
• Does not identify the elements that need to be proved.
• Does not describe the standard of proof.
• Does not describe any possible defences.
• Demonstrate very poor or no understanding of the possible outcomes that could eventuate.
Identifies and Discusses Relevant Ethical Issues
30 marks 30-25 24-19 18-12 11-6 5-0
• Using the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights the report accurately identifies the relevant principles.
• Clearly describes how they apply to the facts of the scenario.
• Clearly describes where a conflict may arise and how it may be addressed. • The report accurately identifies most of the relevant principles and describes how they apply to the facts in the scenario.
• Describes where a conflict may arise and how it may be addressed • The report identifies some of the relevant principles and attempts to describe how they apply to the facts in the scenario.
• Attempt to describe where a conflict may arise and/or how it may be addressed • The report has made some attempt at identifying the relevant ethical principles.
• Minimal attempt at describing how they apply to the facts. Limited description of where a conflict may arise and/or how it may be addressed • The report fails to identify the relevant ethical principles. Limited or no discussion of why a conflict may arise
Academic Writing
15 marks 15-13 12-10 9-7 6-4 3-0
Clear, extremely well structured and written with few or no grammatical or spelling errors. Correct use of punctuation. Generally well structured and written with occasional grammatical or spelling errors. Mostly correct use of punctuation. Soundly structured, but writing is unclear in places with occasional grammatical or spelling errors. Punctuation needs attention Generally poorly structured and written. Many grammatical and/or spelling errors that detract from the flow of the report Very poorly written and structured. Frequent errors.
Research and Referencing
15 marks 15-13 12-10 9-7 6-4 3-0
Literature appropriate; Has mainly sourced a own literature; referencing correct Literature appropriate; used literature supplied in course and a few additionally sourced literature; minor referencing errors Literature mostly appropriate; Has used literature supplied in course; some referencing error Some literature cited; some attempt at referencing but several errors Minimal literature cited; minimal attempt at referencing with frequent errors
TOTAL
Tips for constructing the case study
Your case study should contain five separate sections.
1. Introduction
2. Legal Issues
3. Ethical Issues
4. Conclusion
5. References
Introduction
A short paragraph that directs the readers to what you will discuss in your report. You can introduce the main legal and ethical issues you are going to discuss.
It will also be important to identify the relevant stakeholders in the scenario that you have selected. Stakeholders could include:
Patients
Family members
Healthcare professionals
A particular group in society
Any others you consider relevant…
Having a clear idea of who the relevant stakeholders are will make it easier for you to discuss the legal and ethical issues.

Legal Issue
Begin by asking yourself, what controversy is present? This will help you to state the legal problem presented by the facts.
What law will apply? The law for the issue will require you to identify the elements that must be proved. Also consider:
Who bears the onus of proof
What the standard of proof is
What possible defences could be raised
What outcomes are possible.
Finally, after you have stated what the law is, don’t forget to apply the law to the particular facts in the scenario and reach a conclusion.
Identifies and Discusses Relevant Legal Issue
40 percent
Correctly identifies the main legal issue in the scenario.
Correctly identifies who could bring an action and what type of action that would be.
Correctly identifies all of the elements that need to be proved for the action to be successful.
Correctly describes the standard of proof that would apply and who has the burden of proof.
Correctly describes all possible defences that could be raised and who would raise them.
Demonstrates an excellent understanding of possible outcomes that could eventuate

Ethical Issues
Remember that ethical issues arise when there is a conflict of values. Consider the position of each of the relevant stakeholders to see where these conflict might arise
The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights provides a sound framework for highlighting the principles that could be applied to the issue
The ethical decision making framework, discussed in the lecture (and tutorial) could be used to help address the conflict
Identifies and Discusses Relevant Ethical Issues
30 marks
Using the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights the report accurately identifies the relevant principles.
Clearly describes how they apply to the facts of the scenario.
Clearly describes where a conflict may arise and how it may be addressed.

Conclusion
In bringing it all together, provide a brief summary of the legal and ethical issues that you have identified.
Any final conclusions that could be drawn, based on the information you have provided in the body of the report.
Follow the formatting guidelines in the School of Nursing and Midwifery Writing and Referencing Guide
Academic Writing

15 marks
Clear, extremely well structured and written with few or no grammatical or spelling errors. Correct use of punctuation.
Get someone else to proof read.
Get someone who does not know the subject to read it and provide feedback on clarity.
Research and Referencing
15 marks
Literature appropriate;
Has mainly sourced a own literature;
Referencing correct
https://sites.google.com/a/griffith.edu.au/nursing-writing-and-referencing-guide/apa-referencing-guidelines
What does that Mean?
There is help available…
Nursing and Midwifery Writing and Referencing Guide
https://sites.google.com/a/griffith.edu.au/nursing-writing-and-referencing-guide/home

EXAMPLE CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Sterilisation procedures for intellectually disabled young girls, occupies a perplexing position in the Australian legal landscape (Naik, 2012a). Regulated rather than prohibited, procedures for consent of sterilisation are open to interpretation with conflicts arising between medical and legal outcomes across all states (Parker, 2013). Sterilisation, involves a permanent irreversible procedure rendering reproduction futile (Brady and Grover, 1997). This case study will identify legal issues including the notion of consent and ethical issues encompassing the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights in the case of Re Angela [2010] 43 Fam LR 98. Key stakeholders will be identified including parents, medical practitioners, Queensland Health, Family Law Courts and Guardianship Tribunals to determine if breaches of human rights and the law have been made.
LEGAL ISSUES
Within Australia, consent is required prior to commencement of medical procedures (Brady and Grover, 1997). Consent can be implied, verbal or written, however it is only valid when given freely and voluntarily, having received information in broad terms and the person has legal capacity to make decisions specific to the procedure being undertaken (Forrester and Griffiths 2011). Following a seminal High Court decision in Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services (NT) v JWB and SMB (‘Marion’s Case’) (1992) 175 CLR 218, the notion of consent for minors is determined by satisfying one of three procedural pathways (Chapter 5A, Guardianship and Administrations Act, 2000). The first pathway identifies that children must satisfy the notion of comprehension and understanding referred to as Gillick competence (Naik, 2012a). Gillick competence is achieved when a child possesses the emotional and cognitive ability to make decisions autonomously regarding the sterilisation procedure and is subsequently able to provide informed consent prior to the commencement (Forrester and Griffiths, 2011).
In Re Angela (2010), Justice Cronin determined Angela was Gillick incompetent, therefore unable to provide valid consent for sterilisation given her emotional immaturity and inability to communicate resulting from her intellectual disability. Without Angela possessing Gillick competence, the proposed sterilisation procedure falls within the parental power to consent (Family Law Act, 1975 (Cth)), giving parents authority to act in the child’s benefit for therapeutic sterilisations (Marion’s Case, 1992). Therapeutic sterilisations are described where permanent infertility is a ‘by-product of surgery to treat malfunction or disease’ or ‘a result of surgery performed to cure a disease or correct some malfunction’ (Naik, 2012a). The Guardianship and Administrations Act 2000 (QLD) states that “sterilisation does not include health care” [s80B (2)], creating a division between therapeutic and non therapeutic procedures and the courts restriction of these terms.
Sterilisation procedures for menstrual management to treat epilepsy, are deemed non therapeutic, creating a legal issue in Re Angela, as the procedure falls outside parental powers of consent (Naik, 2012a). The removal of parental powers is further supported in P v P (1995) 126 FLR 245; 19 Fam LR 1 whereby the High Court reaffirmed the decision in Marion’s Case, confirming the child was not suffering from any malfunction or disease, therefore the treatment was outside parental power to consent and the decision rests with the court. Application to the Family Law Court (FCA) under Section 67ZC or the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal (QCAT) is the final pathway for lawful sterilisation in the absence of Gillick competence or parental powers to consent. This provides the court with jurisdiction to make orders in relation to children’s welfare, when satisfied that the procedure is in the best interests of the child (Guardianship and Administrations Act 2000 (QLD) s.80C, s.80D).
In Re Angela the FCA approved the application for sterilisation upon satisfying the best interest test, with Justice Cronin acknowledging that “a fundamental consideration is….the risks to Angela’s life as well as her general well being”, and as a last resort given the exploration of all other available options as testified by her treating specialist (Re Angela, 2010).
APPLICABLE LAW
State legislation and common law govern sterilisation of intellectually disabled children (Brady and Grover, 1997). Without uniform legislation across all states, inconsistencies on how laws are interpreted and applied by medical and legal practitioners are present (Naik, 2012b). Western Australia, Northern Territory, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory are governed solely by common law in line with the seminal High Court decision in Marion’s Case, however in Queensland and the remaining states common law works simultaneously with state legislation (Naik, 2012c). When sterilisation procedures are unauthorised and without valid consent, surgical intervention, is an offence under both civil and criminal law (Naik, 2012a).
In the absence of valid consent civil law actions of trespass to person or criminal law actions of assault arise by either direct interference with another person or the intention to touch was present (Forrester and Griffiths, 2011). In accordance to Marion’s Case, sterilisations for menstrual management are non therapeutic, with the onus of proof resting with the plaintiff being Angela or her parents, on the balance of probabilities to cast doubt over the therapeutic nature of her sterilisation (Naik, 2012a). The defendants including medical practitioners and/or Queensland Health are at risk of committing an offence. If successful, financial penalties may arise due to the extent and irreversible nature of this procedure (Naik, 2012a).
Without being authorised, justified or excused under criminal law, a sterilisation procedure without consent is assault (Criminal Code 1899 (QLD) s.245, s.246). The burden of proof for assault rests with the prosecution, generally the State, to demonstrate that the defendant is guilty in front of a jury beyond reasonable doubt before a conviction is made (Forrester and Griffiths, 2011). Creating a situation where the medical practitioner acted bona fide but possibly contrary to the law, in addition to the parents involvement in procuring the sterilisation, creates an unlikely environment for proceedings under criminal assault (Naik, 2012c). Furthermore, outcomes of this nature are costly and highly unlikely (Naik, 2012c), with the defence arguing that the assault was authorised as ‘the health care should be carried out urgently to meet imminent risk to the patient’s life’ (Queensland Guardianship and Administration Act 2000 63 (1bii)), which is consistent with Justice Cronin’s judgement in Angela’s case.
ETHICAL CONFLICTS
What is the distinction between morally and ethically appropriate procedures and the law, when Angela has no capacity (Re Angela, 2010) and no voice to protect her human rights and dignity? Conflicts arise from the interpretation of therapeutic and non therapeutic sterilisations and the best interest test adopted by the FCA (Marion’s Case, 1992). Graham Innes, Australia’s federal disability discrimination commissioner, urged criminalisation for any practitioner conducting such procedures unless deemed necessary for life saving circumstances (“Rise in sterilisations worries disability commissioner”, 2012). Furthermore, there is a growing need for Australia to abide by International Human Rights principles, as globally sterilisation procedures are a denial of basic human rights, reproductive rights, autonomy, bodily integrity, respect for human vulnerability and discrimination (Brady, Briton and Grover, 2001).
BIOETHICAL FRAMEWORK
Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) (2012), identified that sterilisation in absence of free and informed consent is violating Australia’s obligations under international law and breaches every international human rights treaty to which Australia is a party. The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBEHR) (2006), provides the bioethical framework adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) by endorsing rules that govern human rights and freedom of all individuals. Strict adherence by key stakeholders in Re Angela including parents, medical practitioners, Queensland Health and FCA are reviewed. In Re Angela human dignity and human rights as described in Article three (UBDEHR, 2006) have been met as Angela’s welfare and quality of life were fundamental in the FCA decision to grant her sterilisation (Re Angela, 2010). The sterilisation procedure was recommended as a last resort to control her epilepsy during menstruation and as such Article four (UBDEHR, 2006) has been adhered too in reducing harm to Angela in the future. Whilst Angela lacks autonomy to make decisions, procedural pathways for consent have been followed and subsequent consent was provided by the FCA for her sterilisation (Re Angela, 2010).
In support of Article five and seven (UDBEHR, 2006), this ensures that special measures were taken to protect her rights and best interest where she lacked capacity to do so. However, Article seven (a) (UDBEHR, 2006) further specifies, where the person lacks capacity they should be involved to the greatest extent possible in the procedure and subsequent withdrawal of consent if necessary. Angela’s intellectual disability precludes such involvement; therefore a breach of this article is identified. Article eleven (UDBEHR, 2006), identifies that no individual or group is discriminated against on any grounds in violations of human rights and freedom.
WWDA (2012), identifies this as a fundamental breach, being perpetuated by the lack of prohibition in Australia, resulting in continued discrimination of intellectually disabled young woman, a response supported by Federal disability commissioner Graham Innes’s concern about the increasing number of sterilisation procedures for intellectually disabled girls (“Rise in sterilisations worries disability commissioner”, 2012). Advocating for the rights of the child, the United Nations Committee recommends equal opportunity regardless of intellectual disability for all persons and argued for the introduction of the ‘but for’ test (Naik, 2012c). This test is designed to exclude sterilisation procedures as not in the child’s best interest but for the intellectual disability (Naik, 2012c). Whilst the ‘but for’ test is supported by ethics groups (Naik, 2012c), the Full Court in P v P disagreed, acknowledging the disability was central jurisdiction for sterilisation. With widespread disagreement between law and ethics, coupled with Angela’s inability to provide consent breaches of Articles seven (a) and eleven (UDBEHR, 2006) are identified.
ADDRESSING BIOETHICAL ISSUES
To address these violations, future debates, submission to senate committees and governments must identify and take into account the human rights, social, cultural and economic issues that impact the decision to sterilise young girls with intellectual disabilities (Senate. Committee Affairs Committee & Aus.Senate. Standing Committee on Community Affairs, 2013). Importantly legislation and education programs must be based on human rights principles, upholding the rights of all women to bodily integrity and making informed choices about their reproductive life, whilst holding Australia to account of their international human rights obligations (WWDA, 2012). Comprehensive national law reforms will formalise protection in the best interests of intellectually disabled girls (Naik, 2012c).
CONCLUSION
Sterilisation of intellectually disabled girls has occupied the legal landscape for over thirty years since Marion’s case, with the efficacy of such procedures and debate regarding basic human rights to bodily integrity continuing. Without uniform national legislation, the state based guidelines for sterilisation will be subject to misinterpretation at law. Coupled with the absence of Australia’s support for global prohibition of unlawful sterilisations, debate from disability, human rights and advocacy groups will remain. Angela’s case further highlights the significance of this topic, however with exception of Article seven (a) and eleven, adherence in the most part to the UNESCO bioethical framework has been achieved and breaches under current law have not been made.

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Topic is “Ethnic and Social Disparities in Higher Education”. This research project is to address the ethnic and social issues within higher education. Please address the current problem our education system faces and what needs to be accomplished to repair and reconstruct the disparities within the higher education system. Ethnic and social disparities are a major concern in higher education one that receives little attention. These disparities also have an effect on students and how they cope with college life. Please address these issues and related issues within the paper.

Requirements for paper:

Abstracts are not necessary) paper is to be written in
APA 6 format. We will complete 4 steps (of the approx. 8 steps found in a full-blown research); four are standard for Masters-level students.

Here are the four steps (or four parts) of your paper:

1. A Functional Title
2. A Research Problem
3. Definition of Terms
4. Background of the Problem

Note:
For this final research paper, you must use a minimum of twelve (12) scholarly sources for references. Scholarly references generally include scholarly journal articles and NOT news periodicals (The Chronicle of Higher Education is a news periodical. I have included (4) references that are to be used within the research paper. With books please include the page number.

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You are required to produce a Strategic growth plan for T.G.I Fridays UK LTD
For the purposes of this assessment you will have to write the report based on an assumption that the organisation is actively seeking substantial growth over the next 1-5 year period. This may of course not be a realistic aspiration of the actual owner(s)/ managers but you are to assume that the long term goal is to achieve high levels of growth.
The strategic growth plan is divided into four sections for which the recommended word length of the entire plan is approximately 5,000 words. This does not include appendices to support the main report; tables/ charts/ diagrams etc and a short reflective learning experience statement having completed the module.
Section 1 of the report requires you to produce a summary of the strategic position of the organisation (10% overall grade)
Section 2 of the report requires you to complete a critical analysis of the industry/ sector/ market & competitive positioning (30% of overall grade)
Section 3 of the report requires you to produce a comprehensive growth strategy for the business. (40% of the overall grade) It is recommended that you present this in three integrated stages:
Stage one discussing/ explaining your rationale for short term strategies over the next 12 month period
Stage two from the end of year 1 to end of year 3 Stage three end of year 3 to year 5.
It is important that these growth strategies demonstrate clear connections from one stage to the next & make sense in light of the analysis given in the previous sections of your plan i.e. capitalising on what the organisation is good at, responding to market changes, looking to take advantage of new opportunities, overcoming looming threats or developing new innovative services or products..
Section 4 of the report should detail the different issues that will be involved in managing the growth (20% of overall grade)
please note the different weightings assigned to each part of the strategic growth plan. The plan will require a great deal of information gathering
Task structure
Guidelines for writing the Strategic Growth Plan for an Existing Small Business
The main body of the report is your discussion of the significance and interpretation of your analysis of the industry/ sector & business and specific strategic recommendations for the future strategic growth of the organisation.
Your own reflective learning experience statement on undertaking this module, tables/ charts etc; PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis for example should be put into your appendices & do not count towards your word count. Do NOT just describe these analytical tools in the main body of your report, you MUST highlight the significance of the analysis, what does it mean for the company?
Remember the primary purpose of this report is to develop a holistic growth strategy for the business over the next 1- 5 years – consequently your recommended growth strategies represent 40% of the overall grade for the report.
You must provide a list of references at the end of your report (20 references).

Small Business Strategic Growth Plan
Table of contents

I. Table of contents 2
ll Organisation Strategic Position …………….………………………………….5
III. Strategic Industry/ Market Analysis/ competitor analysis ……………….……6
lV. Recommended Growth Strategies ………………………………………………8
V. Managing the Growth…………………………………………………………….. 6
Vl Appendices (Including Reflective Learning Experience Statement)……….. 9

PART 1: Organisation Strategic Position
(Suggested word count 750 words: This represents APPROX 10% overall grade)
This section should briefly introduce the organisation & provide some analysis of the overall strategic position.
Many companies have a brief mission statement, usually in thirty words or less, explaining their reason for existence and their guiding principles. If the company has a mission statement, this is a good place to put it in the plan – you should comment on this.
Whether they have a mission statement or not you must identify the sector they compete within, who do they market their products/ services to? (Briefly here – you will do a more thorough explanation in the market analysis section).
Is it a growing business? What changes are happening in the sector and how might the company position itself to take advantage of them? Briefly Identify key competitors.
Highlight the most important company strengths/ Weaknesses of the company
What significant challenges the company faces now and in the foreseeable future.
What are the plans for the future of the business? Growth?
In your appendices you should include an appendix on some factual information on the organisation or company background. Avoid making this just a potted history of the business, but refer to; years in business, short bio of lead entrepreneur, reputation (if known) in the business community, sales and profit history (if available), number of employees.

PART 2: Strategic Industry/ Market Analysis & Competitor Analysis
(Suggested word count 1500 words: This represents APPROX 30% overall grade)
Overview & trends in the industry:
An overview of the sector/ industry & trends of the sector/ industry. Trends in target market(s) in consumer preferences, and trends/ innovations in product development. How are things changing in the sector/ industry? Who are the key markets/ customers & what do they value?
You MUST refer to industry data & market reports for this – this is important to demonstrate a proper understanding of the sector/ industry.

Use PEST analysis for macro environmental analysis & identify the likely impact on the sector/ industry & the implications for the business ( BUT DON’T list PEST). You should include a PEST analysis table in your APPENDICES. In the main body of the report should be your analysis/ discussion of this.
Use SWOT Analysis to undertake an evaluation of the company’s strengths & weaknesses related to factors such as finance, marketing, management, production or service levels. You should also provide a clear identification & discussion of opportunities and threats present or emerging from the external environment eg: changes in legislation increasing market demand, access to new international markets, competitor activity, new distribution channels, supplier problems(BUT DON’T lis SWOT)… You should include a SWOT analysis table in your APPENDICES. In the main body of the report should be your analysis/ discussion of this.
Your discussion of the analysis part of SWOT is where you can demonstrate how you think the company might build on strengths, limit or overcome weaknesses, capitalise on opportunities & protect the company from threats.
Competitor Analysis:
List the organisations main competitors:
Do they compete with the company across the board, or just for certain products, certain customers, or in certain locations?
Compare the products/services with competition (see table below for full basis of comparison)
The Growth strategies you recommend in the next section should reflect your findings in the Industry/ market analysis & PEST/ SWOT & competitor analysis.

Use the table below on Competitive Analysis to compare the company with the three most important competitors. In the first column are the key competitive factors.
Since these vary with each market, you may want to customise the list of factors for your particular company. In the cell labelled Company, state how the company is perceived in their customers’ minds, then tick for each factor whether it is a strength or weakness.
Then analyse each major competitor. In a few words, state how you think they compare in the final column, estimate how important each competitive factor is to the customer. 1 = critical; 5 = not very important.
Competitive Analysis

FACTOR Company Strength Weakness Competitor A Competitor B Competitor C Importance to Customer
Products
Price
Quality
Selection
Service
Reliability
Stability
Expertise
Company Reputation
Location
Appearance
Sales Method
Credit Policies
Advertising
Image

Having done the competitive matrix, you are required to write a short paragraph stating the competitive advantages and disadvantages of each competitor.

PART 3: Recommended Growth Strategies
(Suggested word count 2000 words: This represents APPROX 40% overall grade)
This section of the report requires you to develop a holistic growth strategy for the business. It is recommended that you present this as three integrated stages.
Stage one discussing short term strategies over the next 12 month period
Stage two from the end of year 1 to end of year 3
Stage three end of year 3 to year 5.
In your initial overview of this part of the report, you should make reference to the basis on which the company will compete, e.g. Focused Differentiation and why you believe this is appropriate.
It is very unlikely there will be just one strategy, rather a number of strategic initiatives that work together over the 5 year period to achieve the growth. Your report should demonstrate how the different facets of strategy work together and make long term strategic sense over time. You should place particular emphasis on issues of innovation and competitiveness.
It is important that these growth strategies should make sense in light of the analysis in the previous sections of your plan i.e. capitalising on what the organisation is good at, responding to market changes, looking to take advantage of new opportunities, overcoming looming threats or developing new innovative services, products or ways of working. You should make appropriate references to your analysis in this section.
Your growth strategies will be a combination of some of the following (You must prioritise these)
Market penetration of existing markets
New Product or service Innovations
Market Development/ International Market Development
Diversification into other sectors & products (possibly related to existing business)
These may be achieved through one or a combination of:
Organic growth – Joint Ventures/ alliances – Acquisitions/ mergers with other firms
Each strategy needs to have a clear strategic rationale linked to specific strategic objectives for the company. You need to explain the strategy, why do you think these strategies are appropriate? Discuss the details of each option considering where appropriate such issues as;
Marketing implications, Development of innovative technical processes to increase competitiveness, Cost containment or reduction, Capital investment requirements, Overseas market growth, Improving supply chain management efficiencies, Quality control, Outsourcing of activities to improve cost efficiencies, Evaluation of suitable JV partners, Potential acquisitions & related benefits… The list could be much longer!

PART 4: Managing the Growth
(Suggested word count 1000 words: This represents APPROX 20% overall grade)
In light of your strategic options identified in section 4 on growth strategies you need to consider the following issues:
Timing schedule for Growth Plan: A timeline with projected completion dates of strategic objectives over the 3 stages of the plan. This should illustrate how the different strategic options “fit together” – It is best to present this in a chart format.
Projected Sources of Finance – How will the strategies be funded? Loans/ venture capital?
Leadership/ Structure – Who the key management team to manage the growth strategy will be? If a single entrepreneur, how will their management style need to change in light of the growth. Does the organisational structure need to change?
Support/ Networks – What Government initiatives/ support e.g: Business Links/ Mentoring/ Consultancy could assist in helping deliver the strategy. Will the business need to develop particular networks?
Premises – Are they big enough for the proposed growth? Where will the business relocate?
Technology – will existing systems cope? Would new software or equipment ease pressures? Improve efficiency? Quality? Customer service? Supply Chain Management?

You must include a list of references at the end of your report

Appendices (not part of the word count)
Provide a reflective learning experience statement (250 word max) on what you believe you have learnt and how you have developed in terms of
1. Understanding the processes of small business growth
2. Skills development whilst undertaking the research project.
3. Your reflections on the module as a whole, what might you do differently if you took it again?
Where available: include in your appendices details & studies used in the Plan; for example:
Industry Statistics
Market Research
SWOT Analysis
PEST Analysis
Competitor Analysis Table
(Where appropriate) Revised Organisational structural diagrams, who is responsible for key functions?

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1- Find any (method / approach / technique / framework ) to estimate human resources and facilities regarding thalassemia disease anywhere
2- I want (4 four) (method / approach / technique / framework )
3- I’m PhD student in Computer Science no need to go depth in medical information.
4- I will upload file (Human Resources planning and the production of health A needs based Analytical Framework) in this paper use one technique its vensim simulation model that for exampele

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