Category: Essays

Currently San Francisco city government does not allow the public to submit public testimony for consideration before a vote of the Board of Supervisors or a board unless that public testimony is given in person. Consequently, the voices of working people, minorities and other disenfranchised groups are often not heard simply because they can not afford to take time off work or childcare duties to go to city hall to testify in person. As a result, our democracy is being eroded as more and more policies and laws are being passed with less and less input from the people.

What can be done?
Technology exists today that allows the public not only to watch city bodies as they consider and vote on laws and policies but more importantly allows anyone to submit public testimony in real time virtually from a cell phone, a computer or any tablet device BEFORE a vote is taken. However, San Francisco currently does not allow virtual public testimony.

Other cities such as Los Angeles are ahead of San Francisco as they have pushed forward to make virtual public testimony a reality.

Your assignment is to research articles, actual policy language and pros and cons of virtual public testimony and to submit an easy to understand law (citing your research) that would mandate that San Francisco make virtual public testimony available at all Board of Supervisors and commission meetings. In addition, you are to write one editorial (no more than 300 words) to a newspaper advocating for or against passage of your virtual public testimony law.

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Teacher’s feedback:
There are two key things which need consideration – 1) how the goals in the proposal are expressed and 2) the feasibility of doing what you have outlined in 10 days.
Starting with 2) you have expressed a desire to undertake health education activities on a few topics and I think this is overly ambitious particularly since you intend to develop new materials. It would be better to have one main topic e.g. diabetes prevention, and to plan, implement and evaluate a few activities related to that. If needed develop one or two new materials / presentations but also seek out existing materials and use them if they are of good quality.
Regarding 1) writing up your personal goals in this proposal needs to be focussed on your learning, not on the topic / disease. Please write up what you’d like to learn or practice (e.g. skills) in the first section and then in the 2nd section identify how you hope to do it.

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Based on the textbook readings/clinical experience, examine a clinical situation that involved a pain assessment, patient findings, and appropriate nursing interventions. If sharing a clinical experience, use only patient initials—no names—for confidentiality. What, if any, was the role of faith in this situation?

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In your annotated bibliography, each annotation must include:
• a properly cited/formatted MLA text entry;
• a summary of the source (approx. 150 words); and
• an assessment that highlights (1) the source type (e.g. a book, a website, a video, a work in an 
anthology, etc.), (2) what you learned from

the source, (3) how useful (or not) the source is to your research, and (4) where your ideas/opinions/thoughts fit into your source’s arguments

(talk back, with, and alongside your source) (approx. 150 words).


Further requirements:
• 1 explanation (200 words, minimum) of your research topic, question, or argument (this may come before or after your bibliography);
• 3 scholarly sources & 3 popular—all sources need to be contemporary unless you have a specific 
rhetorical reason for using older sources (you

may use one digitally-based/video source);
• 1 embedded, direct quotation within each annotation (at least); and
• proper MLA documentation (i.e. including in-text citations, etc).
• Length: 1,800+ words single-spaced for bibliography, plus 200 words single-spaced for research question.

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This paper is based on using alcohol-based hand sanitizer rubs and hand washing methods with antibacterial soap and water in reducing hospital- acquired infections.

1) IMPLEMENTATION
Describe in detail the steps for implementation. Use appropriate change theory to describe the implementation process including a policy and procedure written as your agency would write one. This should be � page.
2) Policy & Procedure
� Within the body of the paper, describe the elements of HOW the policy and procedure was constructed. This is important as it will lay the basis of your intent for change. This should be � page
3) Appendix A: Policy & Procedure
Write out an actual policy and procedure as you would see on a nursing unit. Many different models may be used for this. This should be 2 pages.
Here are some articles you can use;
Article 1: Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil.
Authors; Picketing, Amy J., Davis, Jennifer, Boehm, Alexandria B.
Source: Journal of Water & Health. Sep2011, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p429-433. 5p.
Abstract: Handwashing education and promotion are well established as effective strategies to reduce diarrhea and respiratory illness in

countries around the world. However, access to reliable water supplies has been identified as an important barrier to regular handwashing in

low-income countries. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) is an effective hand hygiene method that does not require water, but its use is not

currently recommended when hands are visibly soiled. This study evaluated the efficacy of ABHS on volunteers’ hands artificially contaminated

with Escherichia coil in the presence of dirt (soil from Tanzania) and cooking oil. ABHS reduced levels of E. coil by a mean of 2.33 log colony

forming units (CFU) per clean hand, 2.32 log CFU per dirt-covered hand, and 2.13 log CFU per oil-coated hand NO significant difference in

efficacy was detected between hands that were clean versus dirty or oily ABHS may be an appropriate hand hygiene method forhands that are

moderately soiled, and an attractive option for field settings in which access to water and soap is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Article 2: Alcohol-based hand rub and surgical site infection after elective neurosurgery: An intervention.
Authors: Saramma, Krishnakumar, Sarma, P.S.
Source: Neurology India. Jan2011, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p12-17. 6p. 3 Charts
Abstract: Background: Controlled studies on the effect of alcohol-based hand rub before and after each patient contact on surgical site infection

(SSI) among neurosurgical patients are scarce. Aim: To evaluate the effect of alcohol-based hand rub before and after each patient contact on SSI

after elective neurosurgical procedures. Setting and Design: Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and

Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. An intervention study using a ‘before-after’ design. Material and Methods: Two 9-month study periods were

compared; between these periods, an infectioncontrol protocol incorporating an alcohol-based hand rub was implemented for a period of 3 months

and continued thereafter. Consecutive patients who underwent neurosurgery between January and September 2006 (control group, before protocol) and

between January and September 2007 (intervention group, after protocol) were included. Outcome measures included SSI rates, profile of

microorganisms and patient survival. Statistical Analysis: SPSS statistics version 17.0. Results: A total of 1,899 operated cases were reviewed.

The patients in the control and intervention groups were similar with regard to sex, age and type of neurosurgery. The surgical site infection

rates were 22 (2.3%) out of 974 in the control group and 14 (1.5%) out of 925 in the intervention group (P = 0.2). Patient survival
Article 3: Effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand hygiene programme in
reducing nosocomial infections in the Urology Ward of Binh
Dan Hospital, Vietnam
Authors: Kim V. Nguyen, Phuong Tran My Nguyen, and Stephanie L. Jones
Summary
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of hand hygiene in a developing healthcare setting in reducing nosocomial infections (NIs). method
Prospective study measuring NI rates in a urology ward in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, before
and after implementation of a hand hygiene programme with an alcohol-based decontaminant, and compliance rates of medical staff and carers with

hand hygiene using standardised observation sheets. Result: Incidence of NIs fell by 84%, from 13.1% to 2.1%, after implementation of the hand

hygiene programme. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected in 38.2%�50% of Entero-bacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples.

Length of patient stay and cost to the patient for antibiotics were reduced after implementation of the hand hygiene programme. Conclusion: The

hand hygiene programme was effective in reducing incidence of NIs, leading to shorter inpatient stays and reduced treatment costs. Such

programmes with measurable outcomes can be implemented at minimal cost in developing health contexts and should be promoted in all healthcare

settings.
Article 4: Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rubs for removal of Clostridium difficile spores from hands.
Authors: Jabbar U1, Leischner J, Kasper D, Gerber R, Sambol SP, Parada JP, Johnson S, Gerding DN.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) are an effective means of decreasing the transmission of bacterial pathogens. Alcohol is not effective against

Clostridium difficile spores. We examined the retention of C. difficile spores on the hands of volunteers after ABHR use and the subsequent

transfer of these spores through physical contact.
METHODS:
Nontoxigenic C. difficile spores were spread on the bare palms of 10 volunteers. Use of 3 ABHRs and chlorhexidine soap-and-water washing were

compared with plain water rubbing alone for removal of C. difficile spores. Palmar cultures were performed before and after hand decontamination

by means of a plate stamping method. Transferability of C. difficile after application of ABHR was tested by having each volunteer shake hands

with an uninoculated volunteer.
RESULTS:
Plain water rubbing reduced palmar culture counts by a mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) of 1.57 +/- 0.11 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per

cm2, and this value was set as the zero point for the other products. Compared with water washing, chlorhexidine soap washing reduced spore

counts by a mean (+/- SD) of 0.89 +/- 0.34 log10 CFU per cm2; among the ABHRs, Isagel accounted for a reduction of 0.11 +/- 0.20 log10 CFU per

cm2 (P = .005), Endure for a reduction of 0.37 +/- 0.42 log10 CFU per cm2 (P = .010), and Purell for a reduction of 0.14 +/- 0.33 log10 CFU per

cm2 (P = .005). There were no statistically significant differences between the reductions achieved by the ABHRs; only Endure had a reduction

statistically different from that for water control rubbing (P = .040). After ABHR use, handshaking transferred a mean of 30% of the residual C.

difficile spores to the hands of recipients.
CONCLUSIONS: Hand washing with soap and water is significantly more effective at removing C. difficile spores from the hands of volunteers than

are ABHRs. Residual spores are readily transferred by a handshake after use of ABHR.

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Identify a problem or relevant situation in your work setting and expand on it, applying a learning-psychology perspective. Devise a strategy to solve the problem, based on the learning/ psychological/ philosophical concepts you have studied in that perspective, supported by a rationale for the strategy. Provide a list of references used and appendices if appropriate.

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According to Solnit, what did the second state of nature look like after the 1906 earthquake? Did it more closely resemble the Hobbesian and Lockean state of nature? How should this distinction inform policy?

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These are slogans need to post on the website and Facebook for a company. The slogan is written by Chinese, so it may sounds weird for US customer. So I want you to proofreading this in a native way(localization). Such like: orginal: The fervency like blazing sun, the beauty like girls, the crazy like me!Enjoy the extreme pink and contrast color, only for VIBE X2 Pro！ Proofreading: Imagine a blazing sun, beautiful like girls, VIBE X2 Pro has an extreme pink and contrasting attracting color. And a Standard version of slogan that we want is : Without any doubts, Lenovo S90 is a phone that Women should go for due to the ease to handle and use. It got a great appearance, ultra-light and ultra-thin body with no angular design. All these make it a destination phone for women! So I want you to proofreading my version of slogan to a native way, that US customer can understand. And make it more like slogan.

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Research Critique, Part 2
To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, and respond to each of the action items listed

under the headings below. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content

from the study in your response.
CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES: QUANTITATIVE STUDY
Introduction
• Develop a topic sentence in which you will define the purpose of the Research Critique, Part 2
• Formulate a thesis statement which briefly provides a broad indication of your point of view in composing this assignment.
• Include a summary outline to describe the organization and main topics you will include in the body paragraphs of the assignments (see below

sections).
Protection of Human Participants
• Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?
• Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?
• Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?

Data Collection
• Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?
• How were data collected in this study?
• What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?
• Identify the time period for data collection of the study.
• Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.

Data Management and Analysis
• Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.
• Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical

decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?
• What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers

independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?

Findings / Interpretation of Findings: Implications for Practice and Future Research
• What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?
• Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?
• What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?
• Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?
• What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the study findings be applied to general nursing practice, to a

specific population, to a specific area of nursing?
• What suggestions are made for further studies?

Conclusion
• Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement
• Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing

practice.
• Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.
• Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

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Love/Sex and Women in Non-Western Culture

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