Suggestions to Narrow down the focus of your paper:
choose one or two farming practices (do not focus on existing practices, but rather on adopting new ones or applying
these practise to an new area
apply this practice to a specific crop or animal)
choose to focus on one specific region
e.g., The suitability and challenges of zero-tillage management practices for crop production in the Red River Valley
There must be a minimum of five different sources of information, all of which are credible, as defined below in the section “How to Assess Credibility of Sources”, and at least two of which are from refereed journals. Sources that are not considered credible may be used to make a rhetorical point, but are not counted among the required five.
Any part of the essay that does not represent the essay-writer’s own
independently-derived opinion or personally obtained research results must have a citation and corresponding reference.
In almost all circumstances, the writer should write in their own words. Verbatim (word-for-word) quotations should be used only when the source’s own words are important to the writer’s argument. Any part of the essay that is reproduced verbatim from another source must be enclosed in quotation marks or formatted as a double-indented paragraph; the source must be cited and must include the page
number in the source publication.
Use either the “name-year” or the “citation-sequence” citation and referencing formats approved by the Council of Scientific Editors (See “Citations and References” below). No other citation and reference system is acceptable.
The first page of each source of information used should be printed off or copied, and attached to the submitted essay. Each such page should clearly indicate its source in the form of a web address, journal citation, or citation of a book.
Elements of the Essay and How They Are Marked
Introduction (10% of marks). The introduction should be a single paragraph providing a brief overview of the topic area, preferably with some justification of why the topic of the essay is important. At or near the end of the introduction, there should be a clear statement of the thesis of the essay. This statement should be a brief, one-sentence summary of the point(s) the essay will address and should be consistent with the conclusions presented at the end of the essay.
The body (25%). This section should consist of three or more paragraphs, in which the information used as evidence in the essay is presented and evaluated and the arguments leading towards the conclusions are presented. The marks allocated for this section are for
content, the information used, the effectiveness of the way in which arguments or positions are developed from it, and the quality of the resulting positions adopted.
Conclusion (10%). This section should be a single paragraph that summarizes the foregoing arguments and clearly states the conclusions that the writer believes the reader should draw from the arguments presented in the body of the essay.
Mechanics and presentation:
Citations and References (20%). See the section below on citations and references.
Marks are allocated for
Correct use of one of the two acceptable citation and reference styles.
No less than the minimum number of credible sources and refereed journal sources specified above.
Information in a source must be generally available to readers, so that they can follow up: lecture notes, defunct web sites and personal communications do not meet this criterion.
For every item in the reference list, there should be a corresponding citation in the body of the essay.
Style, grammar and spelling (25%). In addition to the marks allocated to individual sections, 10% of marks are awarded for correct spelling, 10% for correct grammar, and 5% for an appropriate style of writing.
Development and organization (10%). The essay should be organized in a way that takes the reader along an easily-appreciated and logical route through the material presented. Each of the paragraphs should address a distinctly different theme, which is often identified in the first sentence of the paragraph. The order of sentences within each
paragraph, and the order of the paragraphs should be chosen to present and develop ideas in a logical sequence without undue repetition. It is much more difficult to make the organization work effectively if you take large chunks
of information from any single source and assemble them without integration. About five such chunks of information would complete the essay, but the essay would be organized by the sources, not by you. Instead, read all the sources, and organize the material so that items from different sources are integrated, and the organization of the document is dictated by you. Poor organization will affect not only the marks for development and organization, but will also affect those for the body and the conclusions, as their effectiveness depends upon good organization.
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