Category: Essays

Hormone Replacement Therapy In recent years, hormone replacement therapy has become a controversial issue. When prescribing therapies, advanced practice nurses must weigh the strengths and limitations of the prescribed supplemental hormones. If advanced practice nurses determine that the limitations outweigh the strengths, then they might suggest alternative treatment options such as herbs or other natural remedies, changes in diet, and increase in exercise. Consider the following scenario: As an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic, you often treat female (and sometimes male patients) with hormone deficiencies. One of your patients requests that you prescribe supplemental hormones. This poses the questions: How will you determine what kind of treatment to suggest? What patient factors should you consider? Are supplemental hormones the best option for the patient, or would they benefit from alternative treatments? To prepare: •Review Chapter 56 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Holloway and Makinen and Huhtaniemi articles in the Learning Resources. •Review the provided scenario and reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy. •Locate and review additional articles about research on hormone replacement therapy for women and/or men. Consider the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy. •Based on your research of the strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy. •Consider whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies. Post on or before Day 3 a description of the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy. Based on these strengths and limitations, explain why you would or why you would not support hormone replacement therapy. Explain whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies and why. RESOURCES: Week 10 Learning Resources Increase text size Decrease text size Print Page This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. Required Resources Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Readings •Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ?Chapter 33, “Prostatic Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction” (pp. 481–495) This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of four disorders: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and erectile dysfunction. It also explores the importance of monitoring patient response and patient education. ?Chapter 34, “Overactive Bladder” (pp. 496–511) This chapter describes the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and evaluation of overactive bladder. It also outlines the process of initiating, administering, and managing drug treatment for this disorder. ?Chapter 55, “Contraception” (pp. 874–883) This chapter examines various methods of contraception and covers drug interactions, selecting the most appropriate agent, and monitoring patient response to contraceptions. ? Chapter 56, “Menopause and Menopausal Hormone Therapy” (pp. 884–895) This chapter presents various options for menopausal hormone therapy and examines the strengths and limitations of each form of therapy. ?Chapter 57, “Osteoporosis” (pp. 896–903) This chapter covers various options for treating osteoporosis. It also describes proper dosages, potential adverse reactions, and special considerations of each drug. ? Chapter 58, “Vaginitis” (pp. 904–915) This chapter examines various causes of vaginitis and explores the diagnostic criteria and methods of treatment for the disorder. •Holloway, D. (2010). Clinical update on hormone replacement therapy. British Journal of Nursing, 19(8), 496–504. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. This article examines the purpose, components, and administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It also presents benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternative treatment options of HRT. •Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. This article examines the role of testosterone levels in the development of hypogonadism. It also explores health issues that are impacted by testosterone levels and the role of testosterone replacement therapy. •Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/ This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker. •U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2014). The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Section 2. Recommendations for Adults. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2.html This website lists various preventive services available for men and women and provides information about available screenings, tests, preventive medication, and counseling.

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Application: Cancer and Women’s and Men’s Health The American Cancer Society estimates that by the end of 2012, more than 226,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and more than 241,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (American Cancer Society, 2012a; American Cancer Society 2012b). With such prevalence of women’s and men’s cancers, patient education and preventive services are essential. In clinical settings, advanced practice nurses must assist physicians in educating patients on risk factors, preventive services, and for patients diagnosed with cancer, on potential drug treatments. The clinical implications of women’s and men’s cancer greatly depend on early detection, which is primarily achieved through preventive services. In this Assignment, you consider the short-term and long-term implications of cancer and drug treatments associated with women’s and men’s health, as well as appropriate preventive services. To prepare: •Select a type of cancer associated with women’s or men’s health such as breast, cervical, or ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. •Locate and review articles examining the type of cancer you selected. •Review the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force article in the Learning Resources. Think about available preventive services that providers might recommend for patients at risk of this type of cancer. •Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how these factors might impact decisions related to preventive services. •Consider drug treatment options for patients diagnosed with the type of cancer you selected including short-term and long-term implications of the treatments. To complete: Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following: •Describe available preventive services that providers might recommend for patients at risk of the type of cancer you selected. •Explain how the factors you selected might impact decisions related to preventive services. •Describe drug treatment options for patients diagnosed with the type of cancer you selected. Explain the short-term and long-term implications of these treatments. I WOULD LIKE FOR YOU TO DO BREAST CANCER!!!!! MAKE SURE THAT YOU USE RESOURCES NO OLDER THAN 5 YEARS OLD

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Information Literacy – Ashford University Library Experience Knowing how to thoroughly research a topic is extremely important while achieving your education. You may be asked to support your information with peer-reviewed scholarly resources, but how can you find this type of resource? The Ashford University Library allows you to search through different avenues to find the requested types of resources. You can narrow your search by the author, year published, title, subject, and also by indicating what type of resource you are looking for. You even have access to a librarian if you need some guidance in finding more resources on your topic. In a two- to three-paragraph response •Describe your experiences using resources, including concerns encountered when conducting academic research through the Ashford University Library. Areas of concern may include developing a research strategy, using the search function within a database, or evaluating sources. •Explain how using the Ashford University Library has improved your experience in conducting research. The response must be formatted according to APA style. Each paragraph should be at least five sentences. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center.

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The first page of content will address behavioral patterns of use that are shared in your AA group. Make sure you DO NOT disclose any personal information. You will be strictly reporting the use. For example, one individual shared that they drank a case of beer a day, while another discussed binge drinking on weekends. The second page of your essay will be addressing information that you would need, but did not glean from the meetings, to finish screening and complete a thorough assessment that would enable you to properly diagnose an individual (you are not actually diagnosing in this assignment). This assignment is to challenge you to clinically think through what information you have and what further information would be needed in order to properly diagnose an individual. More specifically, without disclosing any information that could identify a particular person, think through two of the AA meetings you attended and your readings. Use the first page to describe the different patterns of use described in the meetings: Without disclosing any identifying information, discuss behaviors of substance use disorders (such as intensity, frequency, length of time, attempts to change) that were discussed in the meetings and the pertinence of these behaviors to an assessment. Then, use the next page to discuss what additional information you would need to complete a thorough screening and assessment in order to be able to properly diagnose an individual, including how you would gather this information if you were screening and then assessing the individual. Report the pertinent information Doweiko (2015), Hester and Miller (2003), and Clinton and Scalise (2013) suggested as needed to screen and assess for substance use disorders. NOTE: You are not diagnosing anyone in the group; you are merely reporting behavioral patterns of use discussed (without sharing and identifying information). You then will address other information that would be needed in for screening/assessment that would help you properly diagnose an individual. Discuss why the information you gave from the meeting is pertinent and why you would need further information for a proper diagnosis. Consider carefully what you do include for your essay. For example, you do not need to report details about where you are attending or other miscellaneous meeting details. You are simply focused on what you heard regarding behavioral patterns in your meeting. This may be minimal information, depending on what people share in the meetings, such as just indicating how much they used during a relapse. Or, you may have multiple people who have shared very specifically about how much they used, how frequently, for how long, and how they have attempted to change. Your goal is to report what you know, then describe what else you would need to know in order to accurately screen and assess.

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The following short answer/discussion questions and short problems. Although your answers need not be lengthy (generally, 1-2 short paragraphs is fine), you should be careful to respond to all parts of the question asked. It is very important that your answers demonstrate that you have made the effort to read the chapter that relates to the question and thoroughly studied the relevant topic. Answers should be submitted in complete sentence and paragraph form, and writing presentation is important. Please remember that late essay questions are NOT accepted. 1. Imagine an economy that produces capital goods and consumption goods. What will happen to its production possibilities curve if some of its existing capital stock wears out and is not replaced? How will your answer differ if more than enough capital is produced to replace the capital that wears out? (1 point) 2. Define opportunity cost and explain why, as more and more of a good is produced, the production of another unit of that good is likely to require a larger and larger opportunity cost. (1 point) 3. What is the difference between a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand? Identify the factors that cause a change in quantity demanded, and distinguish them from the factors that cause a change in demand. (1 point) 4. Explain what is meant by an equilibrium, and explain why the equilibrium price is at the point where the market demand and supply curves intersect. For example, why would an equilibrium not exist at a price below the intersection of the market demand and supply curves? (1 point) 5. Explain what will happen in the market for pagers as the technology used to produce them improves at the same time that the price of cellular phones decreases. (1 point) 6. Use supply and demand curves to illustrate and explain why a black market may develop for certain products (i.e., SuperBowl tickets or theater tickets) which are available only in fixed quantities. (1 point) 7. The 50,000-seat Duke Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, is the home of the Duke University Blue Devils. For Saturday afternoon football games, attendance is typically 40,000. By lowering the price of football tickets, the university could easily sell out Duke Stadium, but it chooses not to do so. Using the concepts of price elasticities of demand and supply, explain why Duke might decide not to lower the price of football tickets. (1 point) 8. Explain why, if a consumer maximizes utility, his or her income must be allocated among commodities so that, for every commodity purchased, the marginal utility of the commodity is proportional to its price. (1 point) 9. Many cities in the United States use rent controls designed to make housing affordable for their citizens. (1 point) a. Explain how rent controls can lead to the conversion of existing rental housing units to office space or parking lots. b. Explain how rent controls can lead to the deterioration of existing rental housing units. 10. Why do minimum wage laws lead to increases in unemployment? ( 1 point)

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Why is it important to develop the skill of questioning? How does developing this skill apply to your reading of empirical articles, research conclusions, and your own DPI Project?

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A DPI Project is like a story, with a beginning, middle, and a conclusion. These elements are tied together, with each one leading logically into the next. How do you determine if the conclusions of empirical research are logically supported or not? Do conclusions that are not logically supported invalidate the entire study? Why or why not?

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As you search the library for scholarly research, you then limit your search to identify empirical articles. (You can use the “Empirical Research Checklist” to help with this determination). Upon finding an empirical study, you begin to assess the validity of the conclusion by determining if the conclusion answers the proposed research question and if the methodology is appropriate. General Requirements Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment: This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center. You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Locate and retrieve the Comparison Matrix you submitted in Topic 2 and the instructor feedback. Locate and retrieve the “Expanded Comparison Matrix Resource.” Visit the websites in the resource and become familiar with any new terms. Retrieve the “Expanded Comparison Matrix.” You will see that the Expanded Comparison Matrix has two additional rows titled Literature Review and Results/Conclusions. Directions: Use the articles and information from the Comparison Matrix in Topic 2 to complete the Expanded Comparison Matrix Assignment according to the example given within the matrix. DNP801.v10R.EmpiricalResearchChecklist.docx DNP801.v10R.ExpandedComparisonMatrix.docx DNP801.v10R.ExpandedComparisonMatrixResource.pdf

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(1) Use appropriate strategies to locate and describe key policy documents, national and international directives and evidence and discuss how these help to define the fundamental requirements for Interprofessional practice and integrated services within health, social care and education services-approx 400words. (2)Discuss communication strategies and their relationship to the establishment of effective, trusting and respectful relationships with colleagues and service users and to the achievement of safe, high quality outcomes in your practice.

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Address this question: Judging by the history you have read and experienced up to this point in your life (including the lecture for this week), what can you say about how the idea of justice has evolved through time?

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