Category: Samples

Frederick Douglass’ Narrative

Fredrick Douglass was one of the greatest people who fought against anti-slavery in America during the18th century. He escaped from slavery in Maryland where he was born and moved to New York in search of liberty. He worked as the Liberator in the American slavery during 1845. He strongly supported the rights of women and helped the Black and White to maintain equality. Fredrick is often depicted as the initiator of civil rights in America. The Narrative of the Life by Fredrick Douglas indicates leaderships, loyalty, moral issues, political powers and determination characteristics that he believes black and white together with North and South should learn.

Fredrick believes that people should imitate his leadership and be representatives of others. During anti-slavery in America, Fredrick stood firm and became a spokesperson on behalf of those who were under slavery. He became the prominent speaker and leader of the anti-slavery movement and supported the rights of women. His writings on the black Americans during early 19^th century depicted a brave image of what people should do in order to inspire others. He inspired many people who eventually believed that color was not a permanent barrier to the achievements of their dreams.

His liberty gave humanity the most sophisticated and persuasive interpretations of the black Americans selfhood, depicted in many of his literature work. He wrote many literature books that he believed would inspire the black and white, north and south. His influence was virtually immeasurable, his narrative about his bondage and freedom was the most sophisticated and it taught many people about freedom. His creativity depicted a selfhood model that people from the south adopted and started fighting in search for freedom.

In addition, he believed that people should follow his moral and political aspirations. His selfhood model with an ethical and political influence gave the aspirants a suitable way for their personal autobiographical self-portrait. His idealistic characteristics influenced people from the north and south of America and many candidates started to seek heroism by struggling to achieve communal liberation. Fredrick says, “If there is no struggle there is no progress” (Douglas, 2007). Fredrick believed that the candidates should follow his footsteps to avert the black Americans cultural conservative roles to the fundamental roles. These conservative roles were the issues that denied women their rights for freedom hence Fredrick had to abolish them through his political power.

Fredrick’s loyalty character is another example that he believed the black and white, north and south should imitate. He was a man of loyalty and he advised many people such as John Brown and Abraham Lincoln. Fredrick says, “where justice is denied, where ignorance prevails the society will not be safe” (Douglas, 2007). He wanted to end slavery hence had to welcome the Civil War as a means of helping the black Americans to get freedom. He pleaded with President Johnson to provide the voting rights to the African Americans. He recruited African American into the national army union to join the Civil War. His loyalty to the Republican Democratic Party gave him a way to the highest political offices that many political leaders had never won. This was a lesson that he believed other leaders should imitate in order to liberate people from slavery.

He believed that people should be dedicated to abolish racism that separated the black and white. He was dedicated in uniting the black and whites that were separated because of the skin color that determined the economic and social value of an individual. This contributed to slavery where the whites undermined the blacks hence Frederick in his publication book about “Life and Times” was meant to educate people on this issue. The book depicted Fredrick’s dedication to abolish racism and it was about “life of victory” especially to the southerners. In the late months of his life, he condemned the rise of dispute in the South and disputed the idea of disenfranchising the black Americans. He created a peaceful social climate in the south that prevailed throughout the southern state.

As a determined abolitionist, he campaigned for freedom, free soil, anti-racism and opposed slavery. He believed that people should learn the lessons from his determined abolitionists to create a peaceful environment. He declared liberty for all slaves during the congress of the 13^th amendment. He says, “We are waiting and longing for the answer to the agonizing prayers” (Douglas, 2007). In between 1860 to 1861, his campaigning approaches to abolition led to many changes. He stressed the essential loyalty of the blacks and recruited many blacks from the northern into the civil war. However, his social equality contributed to discriminatory criticisms about federal army promotions. Even so, his investments in self-help and tribal uplift encouraged assurance on citizenship rights after a double victory that he was determined to achieve in World War I. He was determined to campaign for the blacks in order to be included in the military union. This was a lesson that he believed people should follow in order to avoid tribalism and overcome slavery.

 

References

Douglas, F. (2007). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave.

Minneapolis, MN: Filiquarian Publishing, LLC.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

 

Works Cited:

Aubrey Stefan. The New Dimension of International Terrorism. Germany: vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2004. Print

Researcher Cq and CQ Researcher. Issues in Terrorism and Homeland Security: Selections From CQ Researcher. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2010. Print

Palmer Monte and Palmer Princess. At the Heart of Terror: Islam, Jihadists, and America’s War on Terrorism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. Print

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

 

Name:

Course:

Lecturer:

Date:

Power and Justice in Female/ Male Roles in “Trifles”

            “Trifles” is a movie written by Susan Glaspell in the year 1916. The main theme of the story is differences in gender and the effects of isolation on an individual. The movie is a story about how the women in the play get away with a murder case. The women in the play are witty; they find clues to the murder and help their fellow woman to cover all the evidence. The men overlook the clues hence they do not find any evidence and the murderer. In the movie, the writer uses symbolism, irony, and foreshadowing to express that the women face a power resist when their legal obligations collide with their empathetic and protectionist feelings for a fellow woman. The movie is more about gender roles, opposed to the repression of females. Gender issues, power and justice are the key highlights in the movies “Trifles” and “ShutterIsland.”

In the movie, a woman’s strength comes from working together; the women in the play act as a group and not as individuals. The idea defines women through masculine beliefs since they used their limited role to challenge the law and achieve justice (Marsh 201). Irony of the mind sets of male and female that was exercised in the 20^th century is exemplified in the play. The question of justice is answered at the end of the play. Minnie who murdered her husband justifies her cause by stating that her husband had made her a prisoner. This is because she had cut off all the communications in the house restricting communications to her friends. For his husband, the telephone was more of an expense and it threatened the sense of possession of Minnie, hence he disconnected it. The wife had no choice but to murder the husband since she declared that the worst crime is to deprive one off her rights. The woman defines deprivation of rights as being strangled. She had been isolated for a long time until she murdered the husband to get freedom.

The movie “ShutterIsland” was written by Dennis Lehane in the year 2003. In the year 2010, Martin Scorsese released a movie under the same title. The movie entails an investigation been carried out by two marshals at ShutterIsland. They investigate the disappearance of a patient who was locked in a psychiatric institution where they carry out mind controlling experiments. The people in the movie were trying to help the US marshal accept his identity; they were part of the trick. The trick was played on him because the psychiatrist knew he was quite intelligent and his mind had the power to conceive great things. The woman named Miss Bridget Kearns, an axe murderer, admits to the crime she committed. She had killed her husband because she wanted to be granted freedom. She was enslaved by the husband; she had not seen many of the inventions in her market place due to been locked up (Gut p.200).

This is symbolic in that, the woman wanted to be granted power and the freedom to control her life. She did not deserve to be imprisoned by the husband. The woman justified her case by stating that the husband deprived her social life from her youth to her maturity that was the worst thing. Justice was served to the US marshal; he was not imprisoned in jail but was imprisoned in his thoughts. Silent justice was served to all characters. The psychiatrist in the movie “ShutterIsland” exercises power. He invents a drug that can erase people’s thoughts and tests it on his patients. The man had authority over his patients and exercised it by conducting experiments on the patients. Teddy is highlighted as powerful as he adopts the position of a marshal; he thinks himself as a superior marshal. The women in the play are expressed as weak. This is because they are not audible instead they are silent; the act of being silent is what saves them. Their silence is a powerful weapon because they hide the details of the murder away from their husbands (Clarkson p.283).

The issue of gender and power in the two movies is highlighted clearly. In the first movie, Mrs. Wright commits murder and justifies the act as worth since her social life had been restricted to the farmhouse. The movie is a deceptive play because it represents a conflict between two models; it finally establishes competition between two ethical paradigms (Clarkson 282). In the second movie, the Miss Bright admits to committing murder too, she justifies the act by stating that the husband locked her in the house for so many years that she never knew about the innovations that took place at the market place. In the issue of group work, in the movie “Trifles” the women ganged up together and supported each other while covering for the act the defendant committed. In both works, the men set about collecting evidence: in “Trifles”, the county attorney, the sheriff and the husbands to the wives. The attorney cannot understand the significance of a loaf of bread left outside the box, the kitchen table half wiped, a quilt in progress and a missing pet canary. The sheriff and attorney are certain they have left nothing out “nothing of importance” (Trifles p.8). The women notice these little details and form opinions though being ridiculed by the men. Similarly, in “ShutterIsland” the US marshal is set to investigate the loss of Rachael who really does not exist. They all used their intelligence in finding the clues to the murder case and the disappearance but eventually find no solution. The men in the movie are highlighted as weaker; they are unable to solve the puzzles to the cases.

Intelligence issue is also highlighted; in both movies the characters are considered as highly intelligent, they can crack passwords and complex clues. In the first movie, the women are crowned as the heroes and the murderer who is a woman is granted justice. The second movie however, acknowledges the man as the hero; he is referred to as very intelligent and quite determined. When he is put into test, he approaches the hospital administration and orders them to give him the staff records of which they decline. This is because they know how manipulative he can get after viewing the records. The last time he had manipulated one worker named Peter Breene after getting hold of his file. Empowerment, both movies highlight this factor. In the first movie, the women work independently and prove to be resourceful. In the second movie however, the main character works with a partner but along the way the partner aborts the mission and leaves the marshal to work alone. The marshal at last ends up not accomplishing any agenda since the mission was not real. The psychiatric was a genius his invention was effective, he showed that he had power over the human body by inventing a drug that would control the mind.

Another common similarity is that in both movies, the characters were guilty of their crimes. In the first movie, Mrs. Wright starts as a lonely figure and remains sympathetic. The second movie Miss Bright Kearns is declared guilty and is sentenced to jail. The U.S marshal is guilty as well; he suffers mental problems due to the actions he had earlier committed. He had murdered his wife and was facing his sentence. The main difference in the two movies, the first movie covered real cases while the second was based on a test to check on the efficiency of the experiments.

Conclusion

The overview conclusion was that justice was served to the guilty persons; they paid for the crimes they committed. Mr. Wright died and freed Mrs. Wright of the stress (Marsh 201). Enforcement was exercised; both genders were highlighted as heroes according to the movie. In our today’s society, women are recognized as social beings unlike in the past where they were restricted by the men. Women can now stand for their rights. However, only a small number is downcast by the men. The issues highlighted in the first movie are a reality. This is because there have been so many cases relating to the issue addressed. The issues in the second movie combine reality with fiction. Men will always be embraced as the strongest and the most intelligent however, this is coming of age.

 

Works Cited

Gut, Alkaylay. “A Jury of her peers.”  Short Stories for Students Vol 3. Detroit: Gale. eNotes.com. January 2006. Web. 5 May 2011. <http://www.enotes.com/jury-her-peers/introduction>.

Marsh, Kelly. “Dead Husbands: the Trifles in Legally Blonde.” The Literature/Film Quarterly 13 (2008): 201-280. Print.

Clarkson Holstein, Suzy. “Silent Justice in a Different Key: Glaspell’s Trifles.” The Midwest Quarterly 44 (2003): 282-290. Print.

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Decade of Corporate Greed

The economy of the United States became strong globally because of the capital greed. The government and social policies served to crush the capitalist’s greed away from the market. Reagan favored some people who made things to happen. He introduced an economic policy based on the economic supply sides in the 1980s. Due to his powerful political policies, he introduced an economic policy based on widespread tax cuts, reduced social spending, increased military expenditure and domestic market deregulations. The decade of corporate greed was the new policies where corporations benefited from new social, political and economic composition in the 1980s.

The social composition led to the creation of wealth by entrepreneurs and investors due to capitalism that was allowed in the market. The free-market economy and private owners became wealthier thus raised the standards of living. Under Reagan’s policy, profits ended and people started concentrating on wealth, a concept that led to a slow decline in living standards for some individuals. He deregulated many firms because of destroying competition and creation of oligopolies. This led to the dominance of the firms by a few powerful people (Douglas, Wright and Herron, 1983).

The political composition was associated with powerful political policies that led to an economic boom. Money became too powerfully used in politics and the candidates who spent money won 98%. There was too much money supply in the market and the rich became richer whereas the poor became poorer. This was because wealth was concentrated within the millionaires. The Republican politicians directed their rage to the poor for dragging the economy behind and yet the rich were ripping off the poor. The corporate greed benefited the rich who owned big firms because of reduced tax. The corporate fraud increased and white-collar offense led to more damage and the government had to spend $30 million to control welfare fraud (Douglas, 1983 et al).

The economic composition of the decade of corporate greed led to the longest peace in economic expansion in the American history. Public expenditure increased and the military expenditure rose to 2000 dollars. The Gross Domestic Product was 4.9% and public expenditure was 22.7%. He reduced the tax cut rates that affected the high-income earners thus lowering tax cut rates to 50%. His economic policies led to inflation forcing the United States to borrow money from within and outside to clear the government budget deficits. This raised the national debt to $2.85 trillion in an attempt to reduce inflation and nominal interest taxes (Brill, 2009).

The social, political and economic composition of the decade of corporate greed affected the political climate of the 1980s through different ways. First, the economic composition affected the entire economy specifically the poor whose poverty level increased to 13%. Secondly, the political composition encouraged capitalists to make more profits in the free market. The corporate greed benefited the wealthier but it affected the poorer. Lastly, the social composition affected the political climate in a way that it created the gap between the rich and the poor. Political opponents regarded Reagan’s policies as the trickle-down economics.

 

References

Brill, M. T. (2009). America in the 1980s. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books.

Douglas, C., Wright, M. and Herron, C. (1983). THE NATION; signs of spring, notes of caution in the economy. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/weekinreview/the-nation-signs-of-spring-notes-of-caution-in-the-economy.html

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Catholic efforts for reform and the Protestant movement

Sixteenth century marks the European revolutionary in both political and religious perspectives. During this century, many unprecedented changes occurred in Europe and the surrounding continents. The century is believed to be the beginning of civilization and modern era to historians. All aspects of life particularly political aspects, beliefs and practices changed dramatically. The century is reputed to the economies building capitalistic systems, living styles changed, elites stepped over to produce scientific innovations and creativity while church elders and clergies defined religions in different approaches (D’Aubigné, 2007). The first phase of the century is believed and it was the earth shuttering stage, where disagreements arose on the beliefs and practices of Catholics religion. Martin Luther king senior acted as a key figure in this era of transformation. Martin Luther and his wife Katharina are the symbols of Protestants revolution. Catholics counteracted the Martin’s movement by the Counter Reformation or a Catholic Reformation that defined religious faiths between Protestants and the Catholics in a new angle.

Protestants movement started in the 30^th year of war during the European revolution era (HBC, 2003). Protestant movements originated by martin Luther king disagreement to the bible translations. His movement began rebellion over Catholic Church and this ended by Martin Luther being excommunicated from Catholic Church during the Counter Reformation. Before Protestants movement, people believed that if one die with dirty soul one would end up to purgatory or go to hell (D’Aubigné, 2007). People believed that one had to attend church service or meet priest to get soul cleaned.  In addition, the old Catholics believed one had to clean soul to go to heaven after death. The Roman Catholics of 16^th century believed of special letter bought from pope to get one free from purgatory. For these reasons, Protestants rebelled from catholic under the leadership of Martin Luther and Katharina who disagreed with pope (D’Aubigné, 2007). Conversely, Protestants movement believed that, cleaning of souls was not necessary for church attendance (Halsall, 1998). Also, the Catholics church and pope was wrong selling indulgence to people for cleansing of purgatory. Martin advocated for believers to read and understand the bible for their own rather than be translated from Latin or Greek by priests. In addition, he advocated for marriage for priests and that making image of God was wrong.

On the other hand, counter Reformation or a Catholic Reformation were changes enacted through doctrines, religious orders, religion restructuring and new spiritual belies and practices which were highly supported by the political pillars to end the revolution era in Europe. In fact, the changes were first advocated by the protestant movement. This meant the catholic revolutions were to enact changes fit to civilization and the modern way of life.  For example, during the counter-revolution, Roman Catholic administration through pope changed the indulgence letter for sale. In nutshell, all changes in the Roman Catholic Church were primarily because of the Protestant threat to church unity.

            Council of Trent focused to lying down and cleaning doctrines and reforms contested by the Martin Luther movement. The council targeted to rejuvenate the Roman Catholic movement in parts of Europe by the end of revolutionary (Anon, nd). The council purposed to rule out the Luther believe of faith and defined precisely the origin and penalty of sins. Further, the council of Trent issued new guidance to clerical and priest jurisdictions in regards to sins and relationship with Catholics followers (Anon, nd). The council of Trent therefore initiated and created foundations of the Roman Catholic faith practiced today. In fact, it changed spiritual aspects and the architecture of the catholic procedures.

According to the acts and the motives of the council of Trent, movement that occurred in the Roman Catholic Church of the sixteenth century should be called a “Counter Reformation” or a “Catholic Reformation” (HBC, 2003).  This is because the movement targeted to nullify the faiths and practices of the Protestants movement led by Luther (HBC, 2003). In addition, the catholic reformation changed and clarified various religious aspects protested by the non-catholic movement.

   

References

Anon. (nd). THE COUNTER REFORMATION.  Kansas City: University of Kansas, USA

D’Aubigné, J. H. M. (2007). History of the reformation of the sixteenth century. New York: R. Carter & brothers.

Halsall, P.  (1998). Martin Luther Discovers the True Meaning of Righteousness. Internet Modern History Sourcebook. 

HBC. (2003) Christianity: The Protestant Reformation. Retrieved from http://histclo.com/act/rel/faith/christ/ch-refor.html

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Entry Essay for School of Nursing

I am a twenty-four year old Miami resident who has schooled entirely in Florida locality, with the latest being a completion of my undergraduate degree program in health science in the Florida International University. I pursued biology minor in the undergraduate program and would therefore, like to expand my knowledge within the discipline, towards my career building within the health fraternity. My interest for medicine as a practice and academic discipline was majorly inspired by my mother as a breast cancer survivor. My mother’s condition was diagnosed during my college schooling period and this infused a significant challenge to my big sister and me, who at that period of mom’s health condition were attending her college education program. With mother being admitted at a health center for supplementary tests, analyses and treatment, my sister and I had to accord a lot of support to her with the rest of our efforts being towards maintaining a healthy balance in our studies.

I knew that our studies bore a lot of significance to mother because my sister and I were the initial pioneers in our family to have attended graduate school. Our successful graduation therefore would be good for mother’s condition, as it would avert the stress attached to failure. During the hospitalization period, I frequented the hospital as her next of kin with my sister and invariably got interested with the nursing profession as attributed to the superior care that they offered mother to make her stay and pain bearable within the ward. These procedures always left mother contented and this was very pleasant to me. On every visit, I accorded the same observation and this spurred my interests in medicine. My biggest challenge in the visits quickly shifted from worrying about mother to the feelings of inadequacy that assailed me with the minimal care that I offered mother. I had attested the fact that she was handled by experts, highly skilled in the art of nursing yet I was limited due to the lack of knowledge.

It was during this period that I decided to pursue nursing studies in Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) within the same institution, FloridaInternationalUniversity. My mother’s recovery was in fact highly aided by the nursing services offered and I believe that this program would accord the same knowledge to aid with my nursing practice. I chose FloridaInternationalUniversity because of its comprehensive and credible learning curriculum as I noted with my earlier undergraduate program, as well my sister’s successful doctorate program in physical therapy within the same institution. The diversity within the institution is healthy for personal and social developments to me as a bilingual student fluent in both English and Spanish languages. Upon the successful completion of my undergraduate program in BSN, I will pursue and masters program in anesthesiology within the same institution. I want to pursue this masters program for a career as a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) to aid with effectual pain control in healthcare as was accorded to mother during her ailing period.

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Name:

Course:

Lecturer:

Date:

Inventory Letter

I enjoy writing research papers, where I explore the details of a particular topic and present my findings in written form. Research papers are particularly interesting where the subject of discussion is an issue that is pertinent to life or to my environment. In my personal time, I have developed a keen interest in reading and writing poetry. I have found that it increases my knowledge of words and articulacy. I am also interested in learning how to write articles, though it is an area that I am not yet proficient in.

I pride myself in the fact that my writing skills have increased so tremendously that unlike before, I do not have to write several drafts before coming up with the final paper. Through this course, I have learnt how to let my thoughts flow and easily translate them into written form. I have also gained useful skills such as brainstorming and organizing my thoughts eloquently on paper. I sometimes suffer writer’s block, especially when the topic is too broad or if the question is too open. I also tend to lack sufficient material to write about when I am unfamiliar with the subject of discussion. I write better, when the topic is more specific and familiar. I overcome writer’s block my brainstorming and doing research on the topic that I am supposed to write about.

One of my weaknesses is that I sometimes take too long doing research when I am told to write a fictional story. I need to improve on my ability to imagine characters because I tend to over-rationalize in order to come up with the perfect characters and perfect story line. My weakness therefore is that I am not able to let my creative juices flow unrestricted because I tend to have a very structured and logical thinking pattern. My fictional stories are not as interesting and creative as I would like them to be. I will therefore need significant improvement in this area in future.

My attitude towards writing depends on the type of writing I am doing. When it is something that I am skillful in such as writing a research paper or poetry, my attitude is positive and I enjoy writing. However, when the topic is challenging I have a relatively difficult time writing the paper, and therefore I am not able to maintain a positive attitude towards it. I am interested in improving my writing skills, and correcting any negative attitudes that I may have formed towards specific forms of writing such as fictional writing. I believe that developing good writing skills is essential to the one’s success both academically and professionally. A good writer is perceived as being articulate and intelligent. It is important therefore to be able to translate my thoughts effectively into written words.

In addition to this, I have a strength that may also double up as a weakness, which is my vocabulary is very wide. In this class, I have developed a wide vocabulary by reading extensively, writing poetry and looking up new words in the dictionary. This has been a strength because my fluency has improved significantly and I am able to express my thoughts more easily, unlike before where I would struggle to find a word that would be able to express something I was thinking. My writing skills have therefore improved, and there has been a substantial improvement in the quality of my written assignments.

My wide vocabulary has also been a problem in some instances where the sentence structure becomes unnecessarily complex, which is a factor that might change the overall tone of the story. Ideally, my writing assignments should incorporate both intricate and simple sentence structures in order to be more captivating and understandable to the reader. I can do this by going through my writing thoroughly in order to identify areas where I have used too many complex sentences together or used too many simple sentences together.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

The Cause of Air Pollution

Air pollution is the harm or discomfort that is caused by chemicals, particulate substances or biological matter to living organisms. The cause of air pollution leads to diverse effects that pose threats to the health of living organisms and brutally affect the natural environment. Various chemical substances in the air affect the health of human beings. They cause diseases such as bronchitis, heart problems and lung cancer that eventually lead to death. Air pollutants especially ozone, sulfur and nitrogen oxides affect the natural environment. The society can input control measures such as waste reduction through recycling, utilizing less energy, restricting population, employing non-polluting renewable methods and following environmental regulations. Chemical substances that result due to activities of human beings and natural occurrences cause air pollution.

Emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is one of the major causes of air pollution in an environment. Human beings exhale carbon dioxide but its harmful when being emitted from other sources such as human activities. Activities such as mining, road construction and chemical industries release harmful carbon dioxide, which when inhaled by living organisms causes death. This gas is used in different industries such as the chemical and oil industries. Actually, many manufacturing industries use this gas for manufacturing processes of products. Fossil fuel combustion and deforestation contributes to the same. Carbon dioxide emissions remain the same when various gases are emitted during volcanic eruptions (Lad, 2010). This gas contributes to global warming, which is a serious threat to the living organisms.

Nitrogen dioxide is another gas that causes air pollution. This gas is emitted to the atmosphere through various activities practiced by human beings. The industrial activities carried out especially by most of the power plants release this gas to the atmosphere. Fuels burning from different motor vehicles, industrial and commercial activities all increase the nitrogen levels leading to environmental pollution. In addition, nitrification extensively increases sewerage treatment costs because more air is needed. The process of nitrification results to unacceptable sewerage effluents that pollute the natural ecosystems. In places where there is practice of water re-use, the nitrate concentration in water may cause water pollution leading to disease problems such as methaemoglobinaemia (Harrison, 2001).

Toxic substances due to manufacturing of motor vehicles cause air pollution. The fuel combustion from automobiles and airplanes all release many primary pollutants to the atmosphere. In many big industrialized cities, fossil burning from the factories, offices and big homes increases air pollution. Gases are produced during manufacturing of motor vehicles and burning of fossil thus lead to air pollution. Besides, charcoal burns and the release of fumes from the aerosol sprays, activities of military especially using nuclear weapons all cause air pollution. Even though a gas such as carbon dioxide is essential in photosynthesis processes, inhaling the same gas has an effect on the living organisms (Prasad and Amarnath, 2010).

Another gas that causes air pollution is carbon monoxide. This gas is caused by the activities of human beings and it poses a threat to living organisms. There are various reasons behind the release of this gas to the atmosphere. The first reason is the need for charcoal that can be used for domestic purposes such as cooking. Secondly, the need for fuels burning appliances especially gas water heating, gas stoves and driers. All these contribute to release of carbon monoxides, which when combined with the atmosphere affects the ozone layer (Lad, 2010). However, if human beings cannot limit their activities, they can cause great loss of lives to other living organisms.

Sulfur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) oxides are other chemical gases that are harmful pollutants of air pollution. Sulfur oxides result due to combustion of fuels such as fuel oils and coals. Sulfur can cause air pollution in the process of metallurgical that involves ores containing sulfur and production of sulfuric acids. High sulfuric concentrations irritate the humans’ upper respiratory tract because they make breathing more difficult through constricting the finer air pipes. CFCs cause air pollution by lowering the normal concentration of ozone layer in the atmosphere. Equipment such as canning sprays, leaking refrigerators, air conditions and plastic burning foam discharge the CFCs’ gas into the atmosphere, causing air pollution. The CfCs move to the stratosphere for several decades thus break down due to Ultra Violet radiation discharging chlorine atoms. This speeds up ozone breakdown into oxygen hence global warming (Socha, 2007).

Most air pollution is brought about by the activities of human beings. However, some causes of air pollution result from natural sources. These include natural forest fires, volcanic eruption processes, wind erosion, organic compound evaporations into the atmosphere, pollen dispersal of materials and radioactivity (Hirschmann, 2005). First, volcanic eruptions especially the activities that take place under the earth’s surface cause air pollution. During this process, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are released and these pose dangerous consequences to living organisms. Other gases such as hydrogen sulfide, chloride and fluoride hydrogen, halocarbons and carbon monoxides are discharged. The materials discharged from volcanic eruption lead to acidic rains and volcanic ash that disrupts air movements.

Secondly, forest fires that occur naturally especially in a highly vegetation areas are the source of air pollution. Various causes lead to bush fires naturally without interferences by human beings. These fires spread faster to wider areas discharging pollutants such as carbon monoxides and smoke into the ozone layer. Lastly, wind erosion, evaporation of organic compounds and pollination all contributes to air pollution.  These substances induce the respiratory diseases in the body of human beings. However, these factors are not the major causes of air pollution but they do play lesser roles towards air pollution (Socha, 2007).

References

Harrison, M.R. (2001). Pollution: causes, effects and control. London, UK: Royal Society of

Chemistry.

Hirschmann, K. (2005). Pollution.London, UK: Kidhaven Press.

Lad, K. (2010). Causes of Air Pollution. Buzzle.com. Retrieved on 4 May 2011 from

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-of-air-pollution.html

Prasad, P. N., & Amarnath, T. R. (2010). Environmental air pollution: Causes, effects and

 control. New Delhi: Crescent Pub. Corp.

Socha, T. (2007). Air Pollution Causes and Effects. Retrieved on 4 May 2011 from

 http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Luz

Course:

Lecturer:

Date:

Role of News Media

            The media has been a very vital organ of providing news to the citizens. It has been a key figure in providing the news because very many people watch the news to find out what is happening in the world. Additionally, the media has been known to influence a great deal number of people. Most of the media companies like CBS have proved to be very credible in the news that they provide to the people. Therefore, this has made the people to trust them in the news that they present to them. However, in the recent past the media has been providing news that has been misrepresented. This means that the media has been misguiding the people in the kind of news they have been providing. Therefore, News Media is a tool for disclosing, informing, acting and representing on biased or non-biased information to the public.

            The main function of the media in America is informing the citizens about the daily happenings. Additionally, it is the main function of the media to gather the information and ensure that the information they have gathered is free from biasness and prejudice. Moreover, the American media provide freedom of speech and inform the citizens on issues the public want to act on hence give solutions. The American news provides the information to the public that is independent and true and citizens are free to make collective decisions that benefit citizens.

The media has been playing a very crucial role in presenting the information to the public. However, they have continuously been abusing their right and playing a role that is misguiding the citizens. In the case of the war between America and Iraq, there was a lot of misrepresentation. Americans had misperceptions because of the internal biases that were from their outside sources of news. These misperceptions consequently contributed to War in Iraq because of the unbiased information from the media prints (Kull, 2011). However, there has not been any evidence that has been brought out to suggest that the allegations of Iraq possessing missile bombs were true. Therefore, the media has played a role of misrepresentation in providing biased news that may affect the public.

Another role that the media has been playing is disclosing news that is biased. The media has been providing the news in the form in which the people want to hear or in the form in which they themselves want to hear. For example, Dan Rather of CBS News commented that he is an American and that he wanted the Americans to win the war therefore, he is prejudice in the news he provides to the people (Kull, 2011). Therefore, Dan Rather as a tool of the media has been providing the people with news that is prejudice. This means that he has been providing the people with biased news. For this reason, the media has currently been the role of providing the people with biased news.

The roles of the media should change and include those roles that protect the people because of the current problems that have been resulting due to biased information. The media should take the initiative of protecting the people by investigating on the truth of the matter before they transmit any information to the people. For example, in the case of the war between America and Iraq, the media should have first investigated on the truth before transmitting information. Even though prominent people like GeorgeBush said, “For those who say we have not found the banned manufacturing devices or banned weapons, they are wrong. We found them” (Kull, 2011). The media should have investigated whether that is true by gathering the necessary evidence. Therefore, the media should play the role of providing news that is true from the evidence gathered.

Another role the media should play is to act as watchdogs on the unbiased information. The media should make sure that the people who are investing and reporting on the news are very independent people. In the case of DanRather, CBS News should have tried to find a news anchor who is not an America or a Muslim because most likely they will be biased in the news they are providing. Therefore, the media should take up the role of ensuring that they provide news that is not biased.

In conclusion, it has been found out that the media is providing news that has not been fully investigated leading to misrepresentation. This is making the people to get the wrong meaning and it could lead to many troubles. In addition, the media has also been presenting news that is biased. Biased information contains distorted information. Therefore, the media should try to investigate on the different cases so that they should provide information, which is true. Lastly, they should provide information that is not biased. They should present independent information, which is free from biasness.

 

Works Cited

Kull, Steven. “The Press and Public Misperceptions about the Iraq War.” Nieman Reports. May 5, 2011. Web. May 5, 2011.

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Labor Law; Explanation on the Disability Acts

History of the Act

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was instituted as a legal clause in the period 1990. The focal objective of the ADA was the elimination of social barriers that were infused within the American society by the application of partiality within the populace. In the past periods, it had been noted that most community members accorded swiftness to divergences noted within the American nation majorly to the physically and mentally handicapped. Cruelties towards such individuals included the murdering, jailing, alienation and torturous practices on the affected as the rest of the populace regarded them as less humans (Gold, 2010). In the US, the disabled plight was fully charged to the family members for health care and needs supply. Within the earlier half of the nineteenth century, the American government instituted care homes for the disabled and although viewed as a positive act toward the preservation of the same, both past and present learners have critiqued the initiative for its bigotry viewpoint.

The American government primarily sought to have these institutions as a way of restricting the disabled populace by terming them as incompetent towards any form of constructive input within the community and national levels. The American government justified and defended its actions through the argument that the disabled required such institutions as a method of safeguarding their lives from the various adversities notable within the society as a whole (Gold, 2010). However, this was continually challenged by lobbyists and scholars upon the realization that torturous practices were still maintained within the facilities. The twentieth century largely marked with the requirement for human rights infused a significant change on the disabled community initially noted within the period 1920s after the completion of World War I. A notable number of military personnel that defended the American nation during this period had been gravely injured within the warring period in a manner that rendered them permanently disabled.

It would therefore have been considered highly inhuman to offer the same treatment to such individuals that were in their present situations due to work-related situations. Additionally, with the spread of industrialization the level of disabilities was also enhanced due to accidents. These two work groups led to the government’s contemplation for alternative programs and institutions that would ensure training the affected in a manner that would allow them to be re-absorbed into their initial work areas or other professions (Perritt, 2003). The disabled community acquired this positive standpoint henceforth as initially marked within the 1920s up to the current period. ADA’s foundation however, prior to its adaption in the American national laws can be significantly traced largely into the 1960s period that was evidenced by aggressive lobby activities towards the institution of civil rights. Technological expansion acted as a positive factor in the acceptance of the disabled within the working populace as medical practitioners were empowered towards the enhancement of survival amongst the disabled populace.

The automobiles sector also relying on technology was able to overcome the transport limitation, as the disabled became more self sustained on such matters (Jones, 2003). Therefore, a disabled man could easily leave his residence and drive to the workplace without any form of assistance. As the acceptance of the element was cultivated within the period, the disabled were recognized as competent and essential players within the American community in terms of economic inputs. The government therefore adapted an accommodative legislation instituted towards this objective and with various changes; it evolved in to the Rehabilitation Act that was adopted as a legal edict in the period 1973 with the disabled viewed as a marginalized populace. The Rehabilitation Act laid the foundation for the ADA laws. Overtime, as the disabled joined the workforce, various other Acts and refinements were accorded to existing laws for the enhancement of the disabled wellbeing as equal members of the American workforce.

Rationale and Purpose of the Act’s Institution

            Scholars have held the view that during the 1960s period, a notable focus was accorded to the disabled and women within the populace, especially with the requirement to create an equitable society. Women and other minority groups during this period were better covered by various laws that excluded the disabled group. The initial act was the 1964 Civil Rights Act that encompassed the needs of individuals that were subject to federal funding, the employers, and public utility facilities in terms of housing spaces like eating joints and waiting rooms in bus stops. The act chiefly abolished discriminative practices within the American populace with regard to religion, ethnicity and language groups within the mentioned places. Although having marked a milestone in the creation of human rights, the act did not include the disabled individuals. A year later in the period 1965, the Voting Rights Act was introduced and this accorded equal treatment to marginalized groups concerning ballot functions (Jones, 2003). This aided the disability populace but in menial manner as the voting process was only applied on five year basis and therefore not quite useful on their daily needs.

In the period 1968, the Civil Rights Act was revised to include a safeguard on the populace in terms of religion, ethnicity, language groups, and sex within the housing industry concerning both sales and leasing terms. The modification, referred to as Title VIII encompassed women and yet again, the disabled individuals were not excluded from the Act. Notably too, the accommodation clause in the initial 1965 edict, termed as the Fair Housing Act, also excluded the disabled individuals (Perritt, 2003). To a majority of the Americans, the three Acts failed to meet the set criteria for impartial treatment among the marginalized groups within the society. Various lobby groups towards the enhancement of rights for the disabled were noted within this period. The initial lobby was therefore geared towards the institution of an equal system to the disabled with regard to the already established proponents towards the other marginalized factions before a refinement of the same would be broadened to other areas.

The initial milestone was therefore directed to acts of prejudice against the disabled populace that was subjected to federal funding programs. This was covered in the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, specifically in Section 504. However, the Act was highly flawed and inadequate as it excluded encompassing the same practice to the disabled within both the public and private workplaces, employers, and some federal initiatives. The accommodation requirement was better covered as a modification accorded within the period 1988 on the Fair Housing Act extended to incorporate the disabled and the household level as marked by family units with children (Jones, 2003). In 1990 therefore, the ADA was adapted and implemented towards overcoming the notable biased practices towards the disabled especially on the working element. The ADA was legalized within the Bush administration as justified by the president as an act towards the enhancement of the equal prospects to all American natives.

The chief objective and purpose behind the inclusion of the ADA within existing American laws was determined as the necessity to amplify the existing societal ideals in the US concerning individual inputs within the community for the wellbeing of all citizens. President Bush noted that, the preceding perspective was highly inhibited by the illogical and unfair practices within the populace that led to the restriction of harnessing the full potential from the American people (Perritt, 2003). Therefore, the inclusion of safeguards towards the disabled citizens evidenced the common viewpoint held by the nation that its stability and persistence was hinged on the synergy created by the micro contributions of the citizens. Within a personal level, the purpose of the Act was the creation of equitable treatment amongst the populace for an impartial community as a reflection of broad wellbeing.

Benefits of the Act to Americans and Workers

            The ADA contains five clauses that are favorable to the disabled community. The first clause, Title I, primarily centers on the employment aspect. Generally, it provides safeguard for the disabled against subjugation tendencies by the public and private trade owners. Additionally, trade unions and employment societies are required to accord equivalent employment positions to the disabled so long as they have met the required qualifications. Title I further provides legal edicts to govern the practices of employment submissions, job appointments, job dismissals, work promotions, salaries, training programs and reimbursements that should be awarded to the disabled workforce. These stipulations are identically accorded to all employees so long as their workforce constitutes to at least fifteen workers. This clause was legalized as a law through the Rehabilitation Act, as defined within Section 501 (Blanck, 2000). From the provisions given in Title I, disabled individuals bear the benefit of safeguards from oppressive practices within the work environment with the breach of the indentified stipulations liable for suing practices.

The disabled are also covered against the presentation of their medical records to the employers on the argument that an individual should be employed as attributed to their qualifications and not on health issues. Employers having the disabled within their workforce are also accorded various benefits within their trade tariff structures as recorded within the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Section 44 of the IRC covers small enterprises that are defined as business establishments with yearly revenues of one million dollars or less, or thirty employees within the workforce (Blanck, 2000). These institutions are accorded a maximum of five thousand dollars tariff cuts as a means of covering the costs required to meet rational adjustments in the workplace towards the provision of a comfortable environment to the disabled workforce. Section 51 of the IRC offers two thousand four hundred dollars tariff cuts to employers who include targeted disabled factions within their workforce.

This group majorly consists of low wage earners, commonly referred to as the Supplemental Security Income, and the tariff cuts are applied for every disabled member within this category; this is on a yearly basis. Attaches falling within the same category are each liable to the employee’s tariff cuts of up to one thousand two hundred dollars for each disabled individual. Section 190 of the IRC accords a maximum of fifteen thousand dollars on a yearly schedule for employees who accord structural design modifications like the inclusion of ramps and special parking places for the disabled workforce. These yearly finances cover the initial costs of the alterations as well as the maintenance requirements for the same (Blanck, 2000). Title II A enforced by the 1973 Rehabilitation Act provides detailed stipulations with regard to structural designs required to enhance the accessibility of work places for the disabled in public places. Title II B is applicable to structural designs within public transport system geared towards the disabled workforce. Both are covered by Section 504 and by enhancing the accessibility requirement, it becomes beneficial to the disabled.

Title III is similar to the preceding clause and the difference is accorded to the fact that it aims at enhancing accessibility for the disabled in public spaces like malls, bars and other trading areas to overcome the problem of inequity. Title IV of the ADA encompasses telecommunications covers the provision of telephone services to the disabled, broadly to individuals with verbal problems and hearing issues (Blanck, 2000). With this provision within the workplace, the disabled individuals are able to accord effective communication and it is quite beneficial for individuals working as customer care couriers, receptionists or personal assistants. Title V does not directly reflect on the disabled benefits as it monitors the credibility of amendments that may be accorded to the ADA by ensuring that they correspond to the stipulations of the Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Therefore, it is beneficial in terms of the Acts safeguard.

References

Blanck, P. D. (2000). Employment, disability, and the Americans with Disabilities Act: issues in law, public policy, and research. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Gold, S. D. (2010). Americans with Disabilities ACT. London, UK: Marshall Cavendish.

Jones, L. J. (2003). The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): overview, regulations and interpretations. Carbondale, IL: Nova Publishers.

Perritt, H. H. (2003). Americans with Disabilities Act handbook, Volume 1. Frederick, MD: Aspen Publishers Online.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]