An abstract is a brief summary of a research article or review article that allows the reader to get a “snap-shot” of the information
provided in the paper. An abstract should be thorough enough to help the reader decide if the article is of interest, but concise enough
that it remains brief (usually around 150 words, but this is not a requirement for your abstracts).
Please include information regarding the following in the abstracts you complete:
• Purpose or objective of the study. In addition to including a one-sentence explanation about the purpose of the study, also include why
the researchers did the study. Research studies are completed because some phenomenon has interested the researcher. What was the
phenomenon or situation that resulted in the study being done?
• Design. Briefly discuss the research design of the study. For example, is it a longitudinal or cross-sectional design; qualitative or
quantitative study; and was it a clinical trial? Most articles will provide this information in the articles abstract and/or methods
section.
• Subjects and setting. Please include a brief review, description, and number of the subjects.
• Statistical analyses. Brief description of the statistical analyses used in the study.
• Results. Briefly discuss the findings of the study.
• Conclusion. Two to three sentences discussing the researchers’ conclusions and the applications of the study results.
Other guidelines for the abstracts include:
• Typed single spaced.
• Provide the article and then reference the article at the end of your abstract using either MLA, APA or AMA style—which is what is used
in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
The abstract can be written in a narrative format which includes the above information or it can use the bolded items as a sub-heading as
shown here.
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