This paper should reflect on what you have learned this term, what you didn’t know about Africa, what drew your interest, and what you have considered going forward. The paper must be in MLA format. (Please do NOT use the APA for Research Project Format: Title Page It should be concise and descriptive. Your name, course name and number, college and term should be listed. Purpose of Study The final paper or project should include a succinct statement that explains why you selected the particular area of interest and why it lends itself to a research paper. State the purpose of your research and why it interests you. You should also identify the audience for your work. Opening Statement, Assumptions or Hypothesis The paper or project is a rigorous academic exercise and should be carefully thought out from beginning to end. It is imperative that you resist presentation of opinion as fact, and instead develop assumptions or hypotheses without reaching conclusions before you investigate the topic. The opening statement, argument or hypothesis focuses your ideas for the paper; it’s your argument, insight or viewpoint summarized into a sentence or two that gives the reader your main idea. It presents the rationale for your paper and clearly indicates why it is worth exploring. Discussion of Findings You must demonstrate that you have expanded your knowledge of the subject. This is where you must cite between 10-12 sources using the MLA or Turabian formats. (Please do NOT use the APA format.) This section should discuss and offer an interpretation of the sources you cite. Choose the sources carefully. They should demonstrate your understanding of the research issues related to your topic and show your ability to critically evaluate/integrate the literary sources. Citation Format (Footnotes) You are required to use the MLA or Turabian format for citing sources. Please do NOT use the APA format. Recommendations Given your findings, what do you recommend be done? Use your findings to support your recommendations. Conclusion/Summary In these sections, the emphasis should be on what has been learned about the assumptions, the limits of this particular inquiry, and the implications of the findings. Reference Page (“Bibliography” or “Works Cited”) Documenting sources at the end of the research paper consists of listing all of the sources from which you quoted, paraphrased, or summarized. You are required to use the MLA or Turabian format for citing sources. Please do NOT use the APA format. mat.) Please expand on the Essay Proposal that follows: FAMILY AND KINSHIP IN NORTHERN AFRICA Hugo Pemberton African History Family and Kinship in Northern Africa The relations between family and kin have been a challenging topic to cover, especially in the age of the Web. Both family and kin are symbols of belonging and form the basic unit in which persons develop, and grow. The families in North Africa are not any different from those in other parts of the world when it comes to functionality and purpose. Essentially the family is responsible for provision and protection of its members, more so when they are children. The kin plays a similar role, although from a much distant position. In most settings, the family is a reflection of the society, though some cases have this distinction narrowed down to communities. In this proposal, I posit that the families and kin in North Africa are founded in a multicultural setting influenced by acquaintances and neighbors. The North African communities are considered largely Arabic due to the close interactions between the Middle East. North Africa is close to the Asian continent, and interactions with countries such as Israel are common. In some cases, political tensions between the neighbors of the North African states caused worldwide challenges in the political as well as social arenas. Trade between the countries in the North African area and Asian continent led to the interaction of culture and sharing of some of the values and principles associated with current practices. This is not the only influential factor to the current family and kin relations , although it has a high impact One of the outcomes of the interaction of communities through trade, war, and colonization is religion. The North Africa nations are widely Islamic in religion, and the belief has its set of rules. Being largely Islamic, family and kin in the area are influenced by the teachings of the religion, and the fact that the region is highly religious contributes to current systems of leadership, interaction, and development of the region. Religion is a core principle of the responsibilities, expectations, norms, and values of members of the society, towards each other as well as towards other members of society. Culture is another factor that has contributed to the development of family and kin ties. It is inherent that not all families in the area share similar opinions on all issues, political, social, or otherwise, and culture profoundly influences the relations. As with other countries in development, some immigrants have settled in the North Africa region and have sought to adhere to their cultural preferences . In the combination of culture and modernism, some decisions, and practices in the family ad kin are derived from the origin of the persons under scrutiny. Families and kin in the North African area are determined by a multiple variable balance that considers the individual and group dynamics to the expectations of society. There are areas of common interest such as safety, security, and the life essentials where all members of society contribute and have expectations, yet some areas where individual taste comes to play. The use of internet has led to changes in the social dynamics of the region, as it is the case with the Arab Spring, which was responsible for a political revolution. Contributions by individual members are what conglomerates to the position of the community, and the North African region has been experiencing changes with the development of globally derived systems in interaction, from the family unit to the society as a whole. Developments have been brought about by exposure of the communities to the world through education, relocation, or communication, and preferences have led to revolution.
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