Category: Samples

Personal Experience and Readings

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Science is one of my favorite subjects because of the possibilities of making new elements with other elements. I am well versed in conduction titration in science as I find it and explorative activity in developing new chemicals from a process. I understand processes such as titration of acids and bases, which form major questions in science practical science experiments. It is one of the essential procedures of the laboratory. For conduct of this process an individual requires the presence of equipment as follows, burette, white tile that is used to see change in color in the aqueous solution, a pipette. A PH indicator, which is dependent on the reactors, an Erlenmeyer flask/ Conical flask, a titrator that is of a known concentration such as Sodium Carbonate and an analyte, which is of a known solution. Acid and base concentration determines the kind of indicator level to be used. High indicators are used for concentrated chemicals and lower indicators for low concentration acids and bases. Color change is observed in such experiments if the chemicals or reactants develop a new product with a new color. This is usually called the end when the two chemicals form a new color product or chemical in the reaction. w

The laboratory is described as an important part of scientific studies. This is because numerous scientific ideas and knowledge has been discovered and furthered in the laboratory. Hence, there is the presence of what theorists like Sir Karl Popper define as science in reality and pseudo science. This is applicable in society in that pseudo science meets the truth. Hence, severally science discovers the truth about issues out of fate. On the other hand, science at times discovers truth out of the resilience, persistence and effort of the scientist (Lynch, & Cole, 2005).

In the laboratory, discoveries could assume either perspectives of pseudo science or science. Science is different from pseudo science as it relies on inductiveness, observation and experiment. Thus, the laboratory provides information because of the inductive process, observation of elements at study. Additionally science and society are intertwined in that science aims at helping society understand practically all issues, events and elements in the world. Science is a vats field, which has focus on different issues. This diversity has enabled the overall growth of the society.

It has been found out that the laboratory is one of the important area meant for scientific studies in that numerous scientific ideas and knowledge about science and the social being has been discovered and furthered in the laboratory. Hence, there is the presence of what theorists like Sir Karl Popper define as science in reality and pseudo science. This is applicable in society in that pseudo science meets the truth. Therefore, several scientists discovers the truth about issues out of fate. On the other hand, science at times discovers truth out of the resilience, persistence and effort of the scientist.

Theories, which have been existent, obtain authenticity through the act of confirmation. Confirmation takes place through the evaluation and verification of the elements and issues at the heart of scientific studies. Science has been in existence as it seeks to establish the civilization of society as well as provide means through which society could progress or increase its civility. Scientific discoveries such as those of the early “homenoids” have aided studies in the history and origin of man (Sims, 2005). In the titration process, conformation takes place through visualization of the change in color of the experiment or the reach of an endpoint in the reaction.

The laboratory is used to enforce the knowledge gained from a classroom. Additionally, individuals are tasked with determining the validity of the information gained from the classroom by conducting experiments in the laboratory. There is an increased awareness that for students to succeed in science they must engage in actual conduct mimicking scientists. This would ensure that an individual is able to prepare for tasks associated with science (Merton, 1938).

Like other experiments, conduction titration is conducted on trial and error basis. I can refer it as a step by step, and progress process that see the scientist bring on board more and more applications with the sole purpose of coming up with dependable and approvable outcome. For scientists it take resilience and persistence as well as the ability to bring on board the existing knowledge, to correctly identify the gaps and the way to approach them. Thus, everyday there could be a new development and challenge. On the other hand, field discoveries are usually based on pseudo science in that, they are determined by fate. Interactions are therefore highly encouraged for criticisms, contributions and proper conclusions. As a competitive field any determined scientist is protected by solitariness norm for the scientists to keep information about their discoveries with the aim of claiming such discoveries to the world of science. This is important for making individual progress in terms of careers in a specific scientific field. However before any inferences are made about the scientific differences the norm of skepticism is applied for scrutiny of the scientific discovery. Hence, the scientific world has to work with the sociological world to yield desired results.

This experiment clearly outlines that scientific research is a complementary aspect and not supplementary. This is because as may thing that you produced a substitute you can only learn tomorrow that it was a complement. This means that one is confronted with a situation in the real world seeks available information about it and then ventures to the field to seek more clarity. The information gathered is then compared with the existing through analysis an then recommendations and conclusions are made. Hence, new knowledge is created and a further window is opened for more probes into the question at hand. The new knowledge can be presented as theories or models among others that constitute a solution to the particular issue (Strevens, 2006).

The whole concepts of research, the process of research, the findings and ultimate solutions especially in conduction titration works to create discipline, independence as well as interdependence values in learners and their professors or role models. Through this scientific probe they are able to discipline themselves in terms of how they manage their time, approach issues and commend on various aspects in life. At the same time they learn to be independent by being decisive, self-motivated and result oriented on what they undertake. In so doing students learn to be interdependent because they need the society to provide a solution to and the society needs them to give it solutions. Thus, a system of dependence is created and more and more values that shape and transform a society are acquired and kept. Hence, a multi-dimensional approach is adopted in the society and within individuals.

Titration experience shows that scientific fields are a dynamic field that is also social in nature. As scientists seek for new knowledge or new outcomes in the field they require to perform more and more repeated experiments to acquire enough data for analysis and conclusion that are both accurate and appropriate. This in turn calls for even more sophisticated equipment and enhanced research methods. This means that for better and useful conclusions then continuous innovations and improvements have to be done in terms of equipment and methods of research. These scientists require even better training to be able to use the new facilities and equipments. This social environment brings together several problem solvers to solve a single social issue. Science thrives in a well coordinated and protected social environment, that continuously showcase tribulations and provides windows for problem solvers to take center stage in searching for the way forward. Hence neither science nor society is complete without interacting with the other in one way or the other and developing some necessary norms and values as guidelines as titration tells it all in its outcomes.

One the interactions are on course, the impact of science on the society is seen through the number of solutions that the society is able to enumerate as achieved. In case of the titration experiment where different colors emerge from a chemical reaction different aspects representing different contents in a matter are established. Through this many applications can be found for a particular substance. This may comprise of different solutions to different issues. In society, this can be reflected in the featuring of new products from the materials. Hence, the overall change in the standards of living and lifestyle of a people through use of the products and/or creation of an opportunity for employment, unemployment, and other side effects.

In summary, titration as a science has taken over in the whole society in that, it assumes some fields such as sociology, physics, mathematics, psychology among others. All of the identified fields are concerned with the need to alleviate issues in the society rather than support it. Titration, as an experiment has created many solutions as problems. The solutions have been mainly in differentiating the coloration in a particular substance, hence the separation of these contents to fit different situations. This is a big solution to learners in the contemporary society. However, it also posses problems, for instance when color is differentiated then what next. Many other problems present themselves initiating different norms in event of solution search. Hence, scientific research is dynamic, complementary and fast growing with enhanced need for solutions.

 

 

Reference

Giles, J. (January 01, 2006). “The trouble with replication” Nature, 442, (7101), pp.344-413.

Husu, L. (December 01, 2001). “On metaphors on the position of women in academia and science” Nora – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 9, 3, Pp. 172-181.

Lund, M. D. (2010). N. R. Hanson: Observation, discovery, and scientific change. Amherst, N.Y: Humanity Books.

Lynch, M., & Cole, S. (January 01, 2005). “Science and Technology Studies on Trial” Social Studies of Science, 35, 2,Pp. 269-311.

Merton, R. K. (July 01, 1938). “Science and the Social Order” Philosophy of Science, 5, 3, Pp.321-337.

Mitroff, I.I. (August 01, 1974). “Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists: A Case Study of the Ambivalence of Scientists” American Sociological Review, 39, 4, Pp. 579-595.

Sims, B. (January 01, 2005). “Safe Science” Social Studies of Science, 35, 3, Pp. 333-366.

Strevens, M. (June 01, 2006). “The role of the Matthew effect in science” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 37, 2, Pp. 159-170.

 

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            Technology

            Technology is a dynamic facet of life. The invention of the first computer revolutionized the way information was handled and ciphered. A need arose to share information and networks were set up. What followed was the interconnection of these computer networks to enable sharing of data over long geographical distances. Communication was made faster, cheaper and more convenient, and the internet was born. A rapid proliferation of application software that controls the internet’s infrastructure followed to enable its success. This has had as obvious effect on the world culture in various aspects.

Communication, data storage and processing, are the areas that have seen the greatest change and have in turn had a remarkable impact on people’s lives the world over. E-mail, social networking sites, e-conferencing and instant messaging have increased the speed of communication and enabled audio-visual communication regardless of the temporal and spatial impositions. Sharing large amounts of data has lowered the resources once necessary to work with colleges in different time zones. Now people are more in touch with each other virtual than it may be possible physically. Older forms of communication such as post are being relegated to antiquity.

The flexibility allowed by internet use is changing the work environment and opening possibilities previously inconceivable. Workplaces are now found at the convenience of one’s home or local café. The internet has enabled people to work remotely by accessing the office files via Virtual Private Networks or through cloud computing. Communication with work mates is conducted through email or secure chat sessions. It is now possible to work from remote locations as long as internet connection is possible. Physical offices are not necessary to set up business as some entrepreneurs carry their offices where they go.

Content on the internet is free for viewership in most sites. This liberty has its detriments and some governments have responded by censoring the content available to their citizens. Elaborate circumvention has to be employed to bypass the software installed to filter the certain content and domains. Such restrictions are there to protect the citizens from content perceived as harmful to the cultural practices and beliefs of the society in question. Certain content is considered inappropriate for younger audiences for instance, but the freedoms and liberties of others prevent removal. This has been a source of contention.

Advancements made in the last century, and this one in technology, have transformed the way people around the world interact with each other as well as their culture. The internet in particular has diversified people’s interactions and opened them to possibilities that were previously unimaginable. The ease with which people communicate has changed several aspects of live, People’s perspectives concerning others in different areas and spheres of life has been broadened. Certain issues will remain controversial, but this just reveals a new façade of human thinking and ideology. Innovation and discovery of the myriad of capabilities of the internet continue to be unhatched. The field of artificial intelligence presents endless possibilities for this generation and the ones to come.

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My first step in Seattle

I grew up in Jakarta, Indonesia, and I rarely had the experience of traveling anywhere outside the country. I had always imagined how it would be like to live in an entirely different country. I was therefore, pleasantly surprised and excited when some school agents came to our school, with the aim of encouraging us to study in Seattle, Washington. I had never thought Seattle before, and I did not know anything about it. The school agents promoted it as a learning city, and a place conducive for learning. It was one of the places in America with the best learning institutions and had high education levels. The agents also claimed that the place was boring. This was a point of discouragement for me. Many people in my country have this impression of America as a place of freedom and fun, and I was hoping to hear the agents say that. Because of the perception that the agents had created in me, I did not expect anything much when in terms of city life when I came here for studies. After a month of staying in the city, I realized that the school agents were wrong on one aspect. Seattle is not a dull city. It has many entertainment and sports venues, and there are many fun places, which serve people of different tastes. Perhaps by promoting the city as a boring place, the school agents were looking for something that would convince our parents into letting us move to the city and learn there. If that is the case, they did a good job of it since they convinced many of them into letting us come here for studies.

I finally managed to come for university studies in Seattle. I was pleasantly surprised when I landed here. The city was so different from what I was used to back home. It was so clean, and there was no congestion. It was also less noisy, and it was orderly. People seem to be doing things at designated time, and they are so punctual. This was very different from home. I was used to the bustle and hustle of the city. Jakarta has many people, and it is extremely noisy. People rarely make promises concerning time, since there will always be delays somewhere along the way. People take their time when doing something, and they are rarely punctual. The first few days were challenging for me because I did not know many people. I struggled to fit in, and I was homesick. I missed everything at home, even the things that would often frustrate and annoy me. I even missed the traffic jams in the city. I found the weather in Seattle particularly bad, because it rained a lot. I was used to the hot and humid environment in Jakarta, it being one of the tropical countries. There is a long rainy season in Jakarta, but the weather is often hot. Starting school enabled me to interact with many people especially from the Seattle area. This was a big deal for me, since they were able to help me learn more about the city. Their friendship was beneficial because it made it easy for me to adjust.

I adjusted to Seattle life after staying in the city for about a month. My newfound friends were a significant help to me. They introduced me to the real city, which was different from the Seattle portrayed by the school agents in Jakarta. They made me realize the emerald city in the heart of Washington. They took me to different entertainment spots around the city. The trips to the market reminded me so much of home, because of the crowds and the noise. I found the visits to the parks interesting. There are several parks around Seattle, and I have not gone to all of them. Their focus on beauty is what I like about them. All of them are beautiful and well managed. I loved the serenity and calmness that the parks offered. One can never idle around in Seattle. If we are not visiting the different parks and gardens, then we are at the museums and the theaters. Sometimes we go for water sports, something that I cherish, since I used to do it back home. My friends tell me that there is much left to see in the city. As I go on with my studies, I yearn for the weekends, which make me discover more of what Seattle has to offer.

 

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Leordeanu v American protection Insurance Company

Parties: 

Liana Leordeanu is the plaintiff; she is a pharmaceutical sales representative who works from her apartment while American Protection Insurance Company (APIC) is the defendant.

Legal 

Litigation in this case is civil since it is between an individual and an organization.

Proceedings:

a) Liana seeks compensation from the insurance company due to her accident.
b) Trial court’s decision was in favor of the plaintiff, that the APIC should compensate her because she was still in the scope of her occupation when the accident occurred.

c) The appellate court’s decision reversed the initial one and ruled in favor of the APIC because there was not enough evidence to prove that the plaintiff was in the course of her work.

Facts:

Plaintiff Liana Leordeanu, operates her business in her apartment. On the said day, she was required to attend some business appointments. After the appointments that took place in Bastrop, she went back to South Austin for a dinner with some of her clients. As she was returning to her apartment, she decided to pass by a self-storage unit provided by the company. Leordeanu intended to empty her car of all the business supplies as she was planning a personal trip the following day. However, in the course of her journey, she got into an accident by running off the highway and she obtained serious injuries.

Legal Provision:

Rules of law applicable in Leordeanu case include the 1917 Texas Workers Compensation Act. It elaborated that an injury to be compensated should be obtained during employment. However, the act has undergone several amendments since its inception.

Issues

Issued presented in court regarding this case include those stating that the plaintiff should not be compensated because the accident did not occur in the scope of her employment. According to the 1917 enactment, which had two components pertaining to the law, the injury in question should relate to the victim’s occupation. Leordeanu had a difficult case because she could not prove a direct involvement between her job and the accident. Secondly, the enactment states that the injury should occur in the course of carrying out any business concerning the employer; APIC stated that the plaintiff was on her way home and thus was not in the capacity of her employment.

Decision: 

Decisions varied from the committee, to the trial court and finally the appellate court. As the appellate is the court with the highest jurisdiction, their court was considered final. Its decision favored APIC and the plaintiff was not compensated for her injuries. APIC won the case because they die not have to grant Leordeanu her worker’s compensation.

Rule of the case:

Leordeanu’s case laid down the general rule that for compensation to take place, a worker should satisfy the two conditions stated in the 1917 enactment. Injuries should be acquired while on the job, or as the worker is furthering the business needs of the employer. If these two conditions are not satisfied as in Leordeanu’s case, the insurance company should not compensate the worker in question.

Reasons:

Reasons given by the court with regard to their decision is that there is no evidence that proves that the plaintiff was indeed in the course of her employment duties at the time the accident occurred. This decision came about because the plaintiff was also on her way home when the accident occurred, therefore, it was not certain if she was still working.

Concurring &Dissenting Opinions
N/A

Legal Terminology

a) Plaintiff is the individual lodging the complaint

b) Defendant is the individual or organization the complaint is made against

c) Enactment refers to the process that a bill goes through before it becomes a law

Relationship:
1.An advantage this law provides to the safety professional is that they are guaranteed of their security while working or carrying out any business associated to the business.

2. An implication presented to the professional by this law is that they need to prove that the accident occurred in the course of their job. If they cannot do that, they may risk not being compensated.

 

Reference

McClellan, Bradley Dean. , Latson, Jack W., Stokes, Robert D. (2010) LEORDEANU v. AMERICAN PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY. Retrieved from: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1546814.html

 

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Seminars

Writs and the Extradition Process

            A writ refers to an official order given by an entity with judicial and administrative jurisdiction that can be interpreted as a court. The most common types of writs include subpoenas, prerogative writs and warrants although other forms of writs also exist. Writs originated from English Common law where they were presented in the form of a letter from the King. The writ acted as a summons for the hearing of cases in the royal courts. Plaintiffs that needed to have their cases heard at the royal courts also did so using writs. These writs were issued by the Chancery and the Exchequer (Baker, 2001). In the 21^st century, most of the systems and procedures have been maintained with a few variations emerging.

Extradition is the official procedure whereby one country surrenders an individual suspected to have perpetrated a crime to another state. A habeas corpus is the writ that is used to call back a criminal that was convicted in another country to the federal court of his or her home country. The contents of habeas corpus form the main material for the review of the conditions of arrest and imprisonment. The review of habeas corpus forms part of the state’s collateral defense and does not act as a direct review material (McDonough, 2008). In the current global legal systems, the habeas corpus is used by the state to control federal prisoners that appeal against their detention.

Apart from this major use, habeas corpus is also used in military immigration cases, court proceedings in military settings. The writ can be used to determine preliminary matters in a case such as the grounds for detention and the denial of parole or bail. There are also certain grounds on which a state can defy a habeas corpus and refuse to extradite a criminal, for example, the United States may refuse to extradite a criminal if he faces capital punishment or torture (Sambei & Jones, 2005).

Identity Theft

Identity theft, identity fraud or impersonation, is classified as a national crime that involves an individual stealing someone’s identity and masquerading as that person in order to access personal advantages or benefits. Victims of identity theft may undergo various physical, financial and social consequences, as they are held accountable for the actions of the perpetrator of the identity theft (Hanel, 2011). Most cases of identity theft involve thieves who use false identities to gain access to bank accounts, security deposits and other forms of paperless money such as credit cards. Identity theft may range from an impostor hacking a social site account to an organized criminal who conducts illegal businesses under a false alias.

There are various types of identity theft for instance identity cloning which involves the criminal impersonating another individual. These types of crimes are frequent in social networking sites such as Facebook where posers lure or convince people into traps under the guise of other famous people. Concealment may continue indefinitely especially if the perpetrator had documents that enable him to pass everyday obstacles. Criminal identity theft occurs when a person identifies himself to the authorities as someone else. Other forms include synthetic identity theft, medical identity theft and child identity theft (Jasper, 2006).

Dealing with identity theft requires a two-fold approach: personal security and government policy. On the part of the individual, care must be taken to restrict dissemination of confidential information such as bank details and identification numbers. People should also investigate any claims made by institutions that demand any confidential information. Such scammers should also be reported to the police for further investigation (Grosso, 2001).

The Importance of Training in Police departments

The present state of criminal activity has transformed the police department into an elaborate career similar to medicine or law. The nature of police work in itself is extremely dangerous, risky and complicated (Charles, 2000). Being a police officer means that one is exposed to various risky situations, dangerous environments and difficult working conditions. The need for training among police officers is therefore, necessary to enable them handle these difficult situations. Law enforcers need certain skills and traits such as a sixth sense, keen eyesight for seeing details and an ability to remain calm in chaotic situations and control their weapons (Chaurasia, 2003).

Police training is important in that, the training includes an academy program that increases the quality of the skills that officers have. The academy has a curriculum that includes fitness regiments, study of local and state laws and other real-life situation exercises. The academy has an objective of producing competent police officers that can work on the streets. Officers also undergo field training that involves being assigned to a veteran officer or an FTO where the new officer is taught the systems at the police post such as the radio communication systems and handling traffic spots (Rostker et al, 2008). The rookies are also taught how to use specialized police gear such as handcuffs and firearms.

Training within the law enforcement groups is also crucial as it enables them to have proper communication and people skills. The training equips the police officers with the right way to handle public gatherings and one-on-one encounters. They are taught the best ways to handle large, irate crowds, a lost child or the suicidal person on a window ledge. Officers are trained in communicating with people from diverse cultures (Haberfeld et al, 2012). They learn how to make wise, quick and proper decisions while they are working. Training in the police force also develops special units that handle different emergencies in the society such as the bomb squads, anti narcotics and other specialized divisions.

References

Baker, J. H. (2001). The law’s two bodies: Some evidential problems in English legal history. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

Charles, M. T. (2000). Police training: Breaking all the rules: implementing the adult education model into police training. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: C.C. Thomas Publisher

Chaurasia, M. K. (2003). Police training. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre

Grosso, R. J. D. (2001). Identity theft – how to avoid an identity crisis – Businesses can win the esteem of their employees and improve the bottom line by helping staff prevent or deal with identity theft. Security Management, 45, 12, 72

Haberfeld, M. R., Clarke, C. A., & Sheehan, D. L. (2012). Police organization and training: Innovations in research and practice. New York: Springer Science Business Media, LLC

Hanel, R. (2011). Identity theft. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.

Jasper, M. C. (2006). Identity theft and how to protect yourself. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications

McDonough, J. (2008). Habeas corpus. Cambridge, U.K: Salt Publishing.

Rostker, B., & RandCenter on Quality Policing. (2008). Evaluation of the New York City Police Department firearm training and firearm-discharge review process. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.

Sambei, A., & Jones, J. R. W. D. (2005). Extradition law handbook. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

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Why Did Jackson Remove the Indians?

Indian Removal dates back to1830 when the United States through the then president Andrew Jackson signed legislation on May 26 1830. The plan was to relocate the Native American tribes who inhabited the lands in the east to the west of the Mississippi river. Jackson pursued the plans of removal of the Native Americans with aggression from the areas east and west of the river Mississippi. The Native Americans were considered as outside foes and were to be removed to ensure that the calls to nationalism were adhered to as well as ensuring expansion of the great country. He viewed the presence of the Native Americans as a threat to his nationalism ideals and sought to ensure that they were prevented from doing so by removal from the Mississippi river banks (Remini, 162).

He was of the opinion that it was paramount to ensure the removal of the Indians to preserve their culture and prevent the possible annihilation of the community. He was described as nationalists who aimed at propagating his expansionist ideals (Wallace, 172).. Jackson did not stand to gain economically from the removal of the Indians from the areas of Mississippi river. He was merely driven by his nationalistic needs of ensuring that the country attained unity and growth. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was essentially a discriminatory act that enforced racism and segregation of the natives form the rest of the American community (Remini, 165).

The removal of the Native Americans from their ancestral lands had detrimental effects on the culture of the natives. Their culture was one of the main issues, which were the main drivers of the removal. Some congressional representatives considered the culture of the Native Americans as backward and belonging to the dark ages. Hence, they sought to ensure that the Native Americans were segregated until they were civilized. Civilization was to take place in the form of education, new religion, and adoption of the abandonment of the native culture.

There were five existent tribes in the east of the Mississippi River consisted of Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Cherokee. These five tribes were displaced and denied access to ancestral land, which had belonged to them and their ancestors for thousands of years. Essentially the displacement was devastating in terms of disruption of the community rituals and culture. The Native Americans lost land, which they considered as sacred such as shrines and religious venues for holding ceremonies (Wallace, 175).

The Supreme Court was involved in the case of Johnson v. M’Intosh whereby the court issued a decision that if the Indians had the ability to occupy the lands in any region of the United States. However, the same decision prohibited the Indian community from holding title or ownership to the lands. According to Jackson, the union was a federation of sovereign states with individual governance structures. He opposed the policies issued by Washington in terms of the establishment of treaties with the Indian tribes, which were considered as independent states. Hence, the establishment of treaties with the Native American tribes was deemed as a contravention of the constitution. In addition, this would also be a violation of the sovereignty of the union made up of a federation of states (Cherokee Nation, 32). Hence, Jackson was of the view that the Indian tribes could not be granted any form of sovereignty but should be subjected to the state laws.

In conclusion, there his intentions were bent on ensuring that the Native Americans were able to preserve their culture as well as their numbers. In addition, the acts of removal were however contrary to the plans of Jackson as they were carried out in inhumane manners as well as contrary to the agreements with the tribes. This was the source of the conflict. Additionally the denial to self-rule and evacuation from ancestral land served as a major blow to the growth and culture of the Native Americans. They were forced to abandon land, which was dear to their culture and beliefs (Wallace, 183).

Work Cited

Cherokee Nation. John Burnett’s Story of the Trail of Tears.2011. Web. October 3, 2012 <http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/24502/Information.aspx >

Remini, Robert V. “Brothers, Listen . . . You Must Submit” Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History, Eighth Edition, Vol. 1. (2000): 162-171.Print.

Wallace, Anthony F.C. “The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians.” Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History, Eighth Edition, Vol.1. (2000): 172-179.Print.

 

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Coca Cola in India

The Coca Cola Company has faced serious challenges since its entry into the Indian market. This has been because of various situations such as, in 1977, the Coca Cola Company pulled out of the Indian market because the Government demanded the secret formula of Coca Cola. (Jonathan, 2008). In addition, the biggest challenge was when it was accused of producing and selling unsafe and unhealthy drinks. The Centre for Science and Environment released a study that showed highly unsafe pesticide levels in Coca Cola products these challenges were brought about by the difference in the systems and structures between America, its headquarters and India a relatively new market distinct from America. In addition, the law system in India is different in certain circumstances from the United States of America and other familiar markets. In addition, the market structure and forces driving the market are different. The cultural differences among the Indians that included their view of work and how they value work also posed a serious challenge. The Indians had had undervalued work and preferred leisure (Jonathan, 2008). There was also the problem of the Indians suspicions of foreign investors and negative attitude towards them creating an even tougher challenge. However, the introduction of The Energy and Recourses Institute to assess the operations of Coca Cola Company was a step in the right direction

The Coca Cola Company should have taken bold and quick steps in order to appeal to the Indian people who had a completely negative attitude towards multinational companies. In order to appeal to the new market the company should have come up with structures that would incorporate the Indian community. It would have taken meaning into integrating the company’s model and marketing system by associating the members of the Indian community (Fraser, 2010). This would have been made possible by Coca Cola adjusting the system and structure to suit the Indian market. The company should have also focused on the consumers in relation to accusations leveled against it. In addition, the accusations were fuelled by non-governmental organizations, which had diverse impact and ability to convince the Indian people. The Company should have been swift in winning back the confidence of its consumers instead of only focusing on the legal framework of the challenge. The failure of the company to realize that, in India news spreads fast, was also a major drawback (Jonathan, 2008). The interpretation of the Indian people that silence meant guilt should have also been a wake up call for Coca Cola to reassure and reaffirm its position as a poisonous free product producer. The company should also have considered the non-governmental organizations and collaborated with them to highlight the issue of poisonous pesticides prior to the accusations. Through this, the company would have been familiar with the alarming situation and come up with alternative solutions to the problem. Moreover, this would have prevented the litigations and court processes.

In order for Coca Cola to acquire an increased number of the soft drink Indian market, more endeavor needs to be undertaken in its outreach and target market. The company needs to be more aggressive in its campaign to execute a healthy, harmless and environment friendly production process. This must be done in a transparent and ethical manner. The marketing strategy could also incorporate the Indian movie culture involving Bollywood, which accounts for the second largest movie industry globally. The incorporation of Bollywood, and the large following it commands, by using the various actors, makes the consumers more familiarized with the product. Coca Cola should thus ensure and create confidence in the part of consumers. It should also carry out an aggressive marketing strategy, which incorporates the Indian culture and lifestyle. The companies should also improve the living standards of the local people. This can be achieved through various projects of corporate social responsibility. This will go a long way in ensuring the problems he are relieved if not solved. In addition, the creation of employment opportunities to the indigenous people and involving them in the process of production will boost their confidence in the products. Through this, the company will be successful in making the Indians familiarize with the product and its connection with the indigenous people.

Companies like Coca Cola and Pepsi should employ various methods in order to demonstrate their will and commitment in working with people from different cultures. These methods should also show respect for the cultural and natural environment of these communities. The companies, through social, corporate responsibility programs, can achieve this. Through identifying the needs of the population in the area, the companies are able to fund various projects and meet the requirements of the people. This creates confidence in the local population and improves the image of the company. For example, Coca Cola has taken numerous initiatives in order to improve the water conditions in India and the world over. It has also pledged support for the United Nations Global Impact. It is a Co-founder of Global Water Challenge, which aims at improving water access and sanitation in needy countries. In terms of protecting the environment, is continuously improving energy and efficiency by using hydro fluorocarbon-free insulators for 98% of new refrigerated sales and marketing equipment. Especially in India, more than 30 percent of the total water used in the production process is converted and returned to the ground system. The company is also installing water-catching devices in order to boost water levels. Coca Cola is also collaborating in climate protection and protecting the “seven of the world’s most critical fresh water basins” (Jonathan, 2008). Coca Cola has also employed approximately 6000 locals. This has reduced the rates of unemployment and, as a result, empowering the community. However, more needs to be done in order to integrate the culture of the Indian community. This can be done by sponsoring of various Indian cultural events. The companies can also device new ways of incorporating the Indian culture in their activity. In addition, Pepsi is involved in corporate social responsibility activities such as digging village wells and engaging in activities to reduce wastage of water especially at it production facilities in India. The companies should also increase their involvement and cooperation in the education system especially in poor Indian communities. This can be done by building more schools, cooperating to research with institutions of higher learning and offering managerial training to students and graduates.

The Coca Cola Company has faced key set backs in India especially with major attacks from the Non Governmental Organizations, which have a significant impact on the decision making of the majority of Indians (Veronica, 2010). This is also because the multinational is a good target to create publicity and shift attention on the various issues affecting Indians. This includes the poisonous pesticide contamination. The fact that they are among the worldwide most valuable brand, their value is primarily influenced by their image and outlook of the products. Thus, they continuously endeavor to rebuild their image among the Indians (Jennifer, 2005). They are not only challenged to win the task of winning the consumers trust but also to maintain this trust. Their ability to incorporate the Indian people in their company structure and system will also boost the company’s image and consequently increase returns. The whole scale investment of the Company and the integration of India as a key source and driver of the production process is a step in the right direction.

 

References

Fraser, P. (2005). The Practice of Public Relations. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Jennifer, K. (2005). Coca Cola in India Journal Case Study Competition in Computer Communications. TuckSchool of Business Study

Jonathan, D. (2008). International Management. Culture, Strategy and Behavior. IndianaUniversity: McGraw Hill Irwin.

Veronica, A., (2010). Coca Cola Case Study in India.San FranciscoStateUniversity.

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Flayyan Narrative

            Finally, my chance to join the college of my dreams, Penn, had come. I had looked forward to this ever since a friend took me there for a visit. The University of Pennsylvania was a large institution full of history. Not only was it an Ivy League university, but it also boasted of several prominent people in the United States such as the business mogul Donald Trump. Many preparations had to be made before I left for my first semester at Penn. My parents were scared of the idea of me being far from them, but they had to accept my independence. Leaving home was heartrending but my excitement surpassed the poignancy.

The beautiful, green, well-trimmed, hedges welcomed me into Penn. Large, colossal buildings were everywhere. They were magnificent, and they spelt out perfection. Multitudes of other students were walking all around me, probably attending their lessons. A set of tall trees lined the path towards the admissions block. They had widely spread branches that provided a pleasant shade especially when it was too bright. I accidentally bumped into another student whose name was Andy. He extended his hand for a handshake, and we left for the admissions block in order to obtain our lesson schedules and the keys to our rooms.

This process was faster than I had anticipated, and I was glad because the jet lag was taking effect. Coincidentally, Andy and I shared a room, and I was glad since the one friend I had at the university had turned out to be my roommate. The room was small, comfortable, and brightly painted. It had a delightful mahogany reading table and closets that were rather small. I liked the room a lot, but I could not help but miss my own room back home. After unpacking, we had a light meal, and I was introduced to Alex and Tina, who would become good friends.            The night was uneventful, and the next day was my first day of actual school. I woke up early and prepared myself. Afraid of getting lost, I read my lessons and directions to the venues. I had only two lectures and, even though they were introductory lectures, I did not want to miss either of them. At around ten minutes to nine, I left the comfort of my room for my lecture that was scheduled to begin at half past nine. The short walk to the academic section seemed longer than it had the previous day. I attributed this to the fear that I had of getting lost in the colossal university. The fact that Andy was not with me may also have increased my fears.

The lecture was to take place in the Wharton school that was in the “outskirts of the institution” as the map stated. After following the instructions provided on the map, I arrived at the Wharton school. I headed directly to room 2b and took a seat at the back of the class. At around ten minutes past nine, and aged man walked in with some books in his arms. He was undoubtedly the professor. To my surprise, he put down his books and immediately started writing something on the board. I had expected an introductory class to be a little more lenient and easygoing. However, when he started the lesson, the grievous mistake I had made dawned on me. I contemplated leaving, but my location at the back of the class would draw too much attention to me. This was the wrong class; it was an advanced calculus lesson while I was to get to an arts lesson.

I decided it would be better to remain in the class. “Yes young man at the back?” The lecturer had just asked me a question. What was I supposed to answer? What was the question again? Instead of answering him, I just stared back at him, plainly. “I have never seen you in my class before, are you sure you belong here?” Again, silence. The student next to me asked if I was lost, and I nodded. By this time, the whole class was giggling as they stared at me. The student next to me told the lecturer that I was a freshman and had come to the wrong class. With this, the whole class burst into laughter. The lecturer told me that I could leave, and he gave me directions to the class I was to attend. Utterly embarrassed, I left the classroom and went directly back to my room. “What a superb way to begin college!” I thought to myself. It was indeed a memorable first day of college, and one of the most embarrassing days of my life.

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Review of the Reel Injun Film

The movie Reel Injun is a Canadian film that was released in 2009. The film directors were the Cree moviemakers namely: Neil Diamond, Jeremiah Hayes and Catherine Beinbridge. They were also the writers of this film. The film was then produced by Christian Fon, Catherine Bainbridge and Linda Ludwick. Among the starring characters in this movie are: Adam Beach, Clint Eastwood, Zacharias Kunuk, Jim Jarmusch, Robbie Robertson, Sacreen Little feather, Neil Diamond and Russel Means. The directors of music were Claunde Castonguay and Mona laviolette. Edith labbe was in charge of cinematography. After its release on September 10^th 2009, the movie began being distributed by Domino films.

The inspiration in writing this movie is derived from Diamond’s personal life experience when he was a child. Diamond grew up in Waskaganish in Quebec. While here Diamond and other native Indian children loved to play Indians and cowboys taking from the local movies they watched on their rural homes. Diamond was concerned about how all his playmates wanted to act cowboys. In addition, when he went to study in the southern parts of America, most non-natives would question him on whether the native people ever rode on horses and whether they lived on the teepees- the Native American tents that were conical in shape. From these episodes, Diamond realized that the stereotypes that these people had could also have come from the movies that they watched.

Acted in English and in the Canadian setting, this movie takes the form of a road movie. In the movie, Diamond visits various locations in the United States of America. Here, Diamond visits the southern parts of Dakota- the Blackhills, the Crow agency of Montana, the Wounded Knee and Monument valley. He also visits the northern parts of Canada.

The film is set to dissect through the way the Native Americans are portrayed in movies. In this film Reel Injun is exemplified using excerpts collected from the classic as well as the contemporary Hollywood movies. Reel is also illustrated in interviews together with some film makers, film historians and also renowned actors. Therefore, we can learn that this movie apart from entertaining us it also reminds the native North Americans of the contribution of their people’s past in film.

The director Neil Diamond is also illustrated as he travels long distance across United States in search of iconic sites and locations for motion form of pictures. He is also searching for the American-Indian history. He revels to us much about American cinema history, for example that even the Native Americans have been involved in film making since its birth to date. This means that they contributed to this industry since its birth.

The movie Reel Injun also performs a survey of profound stereotypes concerning Indians. This ranges from the common noble savage to their counterparts, the drunken Indians. According to Pevere and Geoff, the movie also outlines the renowned Iron eyes Cody, who have been depicted in many American movies as the Native Americans. This film goes ahead to demonstrate how these people have played this role on various screens to the point of winning the conviction of many that indeed they are the Native Americans. This is deceiving and leads to stereotyping about the native. He therefore inspires the Native North Americans to come out and tell out their stories before the truth is overshadowed.

Moreover, this film also goes ahead to illustrate how Hollywood movies have enshrined itself in the use of the Italians Americans to act as Indians in various movies. In addition the movie also explores how Hollywood also uses the American Jews to act as Indians in some of its movies. This could have led to stereotyping by the viewers that the natives always live in reserves, they are rich and that they don’t pay taxes. Reel Injun also goes ahead to portray the way a good number of Native Americans artists could even make jokes using their native language while on the screen.  According to Ostrow, in most of such episodes the film director would think that these people were speaking in gibberish language. From this, we learn that the Native Americans have a duty to give an understanding to the people concerning them so that they will be appreciated in the society. The movie opens peoples’ understanding that the Natives are not stoic, noble and treacherous people but they are only human. Therefore, these people have their rights.

In conclusion, apart from being entertaining, funny and informative, Reel Injun should teach us not to forget Native Americans and their impact in forming today’s Cinema world. The movie also teaches us to appreciate the Native Americans.

 

Works Cited

Pevere, Geoff. Cree director Neil Diamond’s real look at reel Indians. “Toronto Star. (19   February 2010) <http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/767792–cree-director-         neil-diamond-s-real-look-at-reel-Indians>

Ostrow, Joanne. ““Reel Injun” coming to PBS in Nov.” Denver Post. (4 August 2010).

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Sociology

Chapter 6: The Native Americans  

From this chapter, it is evident of the historical interactions of the Native Americans and the Europeans. The interactions of the two groups took place in the form of colonization as the natives resisted the rule of the Europeans. Majority of the land held by the natives was taken away by the colonialists. The Europeans brought new cultures, food and disease from Europe such as plagues. Essentially legislation was enacted to ensure that the natives were subjected to fall under the rule of the European governments (Schaefer, 25). Such legislation ensured segregation by the establishment of reserves, which the natives were hurdled and contained in by the colonialists. Segregation is the main issue in this topic; it is defined as subjection of a community to confinement within a certain region. This has enabled me to understand of the issues, which were in existence, in the settling of the Europeans, and the discrimination the Native Americans faced.

Chapter 7: The Making of African Americans in a White America  

The African Americans first arrived as slaves aboard merchant ships from Africa. However, with time they were able to assimilate themselves into the larger American population as they fought for equality in the American society. The fight for equality was due to the presence of white privilege emanating from consideration of the black community as inferior to the white community (Schaefer, 35). The whites possessed the ability to access social amenities as well as exercise liberties, which the black community were prohibited, from accessing and exercising (Henderson, & Thompson, 51).

Racism was the main issue in this chapter. It has enabled me to understand of the road towards equality and the fight against racial prejudice for the black community. Racism is the profiling of people and treatment of the same discriminatively in a manner to degrade their race. All of this is based on skin color.

Chapter 8: African Americans Today  

Segregation was a result of the superiority complex, which was in existence, in the white community. They sought to do so with an aim of ensuring that the black people were unaware that they possessed the ability to exercise individual and equal liberties similar to the white community. Segregation translated to access to poor services, inadequate or lack of education, and low class employment. This is because high quality services, employment were a preserve for the white community (Schaefer, 41).

Discrimination is defined as an act of bias towards a person, community, element with the need to ensure that favored party attains a certain goal or objective. From this chapter, I have learnt of the existent of discrimination, which the black community has endured over the years since the advent of slavery.

Chapter 9: Hispanic Americans  

The Hispanic community constitutes a large part of the American society. Essentially Hispanics have a strong attachment towards their family members and loved ones. They exist in large groups of relatives and close members to ensure that they provide for their families as well as ensure the protection of the families. They have unity among themselves unlike other ethnicities, which are characterized by the presence of divisions and hatred. Unity is a vital aspect necessary in a community or a family setting. It is defined as harmony or agreement between two more parties in terms or views or values. I have been able to understand of the need for unity in the modern family setting as well as the community to enhance interactions and communication.

Chapter 10: Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans  

Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans have been subjected to identical treatment in that they are considered as part of the larger Latina community (Henderson, & Thompson, 59). They essentially have identical family values and structures. I have also been able to understand of the diversity among the Latina community in terms of their nationalities cultures and ethnicities (Schaefer, 53).

Chapter 11: Muslim and Arab Americans: Diverse Minorities  

This chapter focuses on the existent differences between Arabs and the Muslim Americans even though of the consideration that these two groups are ideally identical. Essentially some American Muslims are not of Arab descent whereas some Arabs are not Muslims. The two groupings have been stigmatized by the societies based on orientalism. The differences identified have enabled me to understand of the presence of diversity and open mindedness (Lin, & David, 56).

Chapter 12: Asian Americans: Growth and Diversity  

In this chapter, the author explores the image of Asian Americans in the society as the ideal minority grouping. This group of people has diversity in terms of culture and ethnicities as they are spread from various countries in Asia (Schaefer, 69). Diversity is defined as the presence of differences in terms of the values and cultures between ethnicities. I have been able to understand that Asians are diverse in terms of their culture and values.

Chapter 13: Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans  

The Japanese and Chinese minorities of the Asian grouping have been exposed to different levels of experiences in the American society (Schaefer, 25). For instance, the Japanese were subjected to discrimination in terms of treatment and segregation during the Second World War when Japan and amerce were at war. On the other hand, the Chinese have been in existence in the American society for a long time establishing Chinese zones, which have been attributed with both negative and positive aspects in the society (Lin, & David, 56).

Chapter 14: Jewish Americans: Quest to Maintain Identity  

Jewish Americans have been able to establish solidarity in terms of their ability to ensure that maintain their subordinate statuses (Schaefer, 72). The chapter explores the definition of Jewish identity and the modernization of the Jewish people. The chapter also explores the various aspects of Jewish society in terms of education, religion, business and political activity (Henderson, & Thompson, 65).

Chapter 15: Women: The Oppressed Majority  

            Women numerically constitute the largest gender group in society. However, they are subjected to discrimination due to their gender as well as due to the presence of male privilege, which considers men as superior to women. He provides evidence of the marginalization of women through the presence of women’s movements in the fight for equality, in terms of access to the various resources, social amenities and education. In equality in terms of gender means the ability of a given gender, to have access to the variety of social services and amenities. Gender privileges are defined as accrual of benefits both consciously and consciously due to belonging to a certain gender. I have learnt of inequality, which is in existence in the modern world between genders (Schaefer, 85).

Work Cited

Henderson, George, & Thompson D. Olasiji. Migrants, Immigrants, and Slaves: Racial and Ethnic Groups in America. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1995. Print

Lin, Ann C, & David R. Harris. The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008. Print

Schaefer, Richard T. Racial and Ethnic Groups. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979. Print.

 

 

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